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What is ratio?
What is a
proportion?
Ratio
• A ratio is a comparison of two
quantities that have the same
units
• It can be expressed in fraction
form.
Example of Ratio:
18/ 5
18:5
18 is to 5
Proportion
• is a statement that two ratios or rates are equal.
• It can be given as a sentence in words, but most often
a proportion is an algebraic equation.
• Proportion can be written in the equation a : b = c : d.
Example:
500 1
1500 3
Notice too that 500 . 3 = 1500 . 1. Two ratios are
equal if and only if their cross products are
equal. 500/1500= 1/3 if and only if a . d= b . c.
Observe how the cross products are
constructed. The numerator on the left
side times the denominator on the right is
equal to the numerator on the right times
the denominator on the left.
Example:
3 21
=
5 35
The arithmetic equation 3/5 = 21/ 35 is a proportion because
its cross products are equal.
3 × 35 = 105 and 5 × 21 = 105
Proportions are solved by using this cross-product rule.
Parts of Proportion
Extremes
and
Means
Extremes
The extremes are the outer part of the
proportion
Example:
=
Solution:
68 miles x miles
1 hour 3.5 hours
68 3.5 x 1
x 238 miles
Question:
How many gallons of punch should she
make for her party?
Things you should do in answering
the proportion:
1) Set up a ratio from the recipe: gallons of punch to the
number of people.
• 15 people / 2gallons
3) Set up a proportion
• 15 gallons / 2 people = 60 people / x gallons
Now let us solve…
* Like units should be across from each other
2 X 60 = 120
120 ÷ 15 = 8
This means she should make 8 gallons of punch!