Introduction to ICT

Course Instructor:
Sidra Nasim Khan
Email:
sidranasimkhan@gmail.com
 Evolution of Computer
Alfred Lord Tennyson writes:

Every minute dies a man

Every minute one is born
 Evolution of Computer
• Charles Babbage wrote a letter to Alfred Lord
Tennyson in 1791-1871
• Charles Babbage modified poetry

Every minute dies a man

One and sixteenth is born
 Evolution of Computer
• Charles Babbage Proposed digital computer
• Charles Babbage made a computing device
named analytical engine
• Analytical Engine(General Purpose Computer)
designed in 1833
• In 1943, Harvard university made a machine
(Harvard Mark 1) that was quite similar to
Babbage’s analytical machine
 Evolution of Computer
• Analytical Engine was a programmable
machine, a digital machine and a mechanical
machine
• Analytical Engine has many essential features
found in the modern digital computer
• It was programmable using punched cards
 Evolution of Computer
• Analytical engine was able to perform
arithmetic operations
• Had input and output capability
• Had a processor called “Mill” before years ago
• Charles Babbage student named Ada
• Ada developed interest in analytical machine
Babbage’s Analytical Engine - 1833
• Mechanical, digital, general-purpose
• Was crank-driven
• Could store instructions
• Could perform mathematical calculations
• Had the ability to print
• Could use punched cards as permanent
memory
• Invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard
 Punched Card - 1801

Once used for automated textile looms

 First Programmer of the World

• Ada was a daughter of a poet

• Ada wrote a program for analytical machine
• Ada was a language designed by US
department of defense
• To owner the contribution of Miss Ada US
defense department named that language Ada
 Gambling Scheme
• Charles Babbage developed a scheme with
Ada
• He prepared a clever gambling scheme to
collect money for research
• He lost all money in gambling
 Evolution of Computer
• Why we use computer?
• What value do computers bring to us?
• What are computers good at?
 Evolution of Computer
• Computers are very fast
• They can do billions of operations in a second
• Computers can do millions of task at once but
humans can not do so
• Humans get bore but computers do not get
bore
 Evolution of Computer

How many books you read in your life?

Do you remember each and every thing you

read in that book?
 Evolution of Computer
• Lets suppose, you have a book
• You have to store one page of a book
• One page have 2000 characters
• You need 2000 bytes to store 2000 characters
• You can store 40,000 books in a computer
• 40,000 books can be stored in 40 gigabytes hard
disk
• You need a big library if you have to store books in
real life
 Evolution of Computer

Key characters of computer are:

• High Speed
• Immense Storage
• Do not get bore
 Evolution of Computer

May you think , humans are better than

computers in some context?
 Evolution of Computer

Human are better than computers in pattern

recognition
 Evolution of Computer
• Deep Blue defeated top world’s chess player in
1997
• Defeated Garry Kasparov in game one of a six-
game match
• Deep Blue made 100 billion moves in 3 minutes

Now think once computers are more intelligent or

not?
 Goals of Course
• To build an appreciation for the fundamental
concepts in computing
• To achieve a beginners proficiency in Python
programming
• To become familiar with popular PC
productivity software