TOPIC: DRAINAGE IN PAVEMENT

Presenting To: Sir mohsin

Presenting By: Muneeb Hassan
ID : F2017132103
 DRAINAGE:
Proper drainage is important to ensure a high quality long lived pavement, moisture
accumulation in any pavement structural layer can cause problems. Moisture in
the subgrade and aggregate base layer can weaken these materials by increasing pore
pressure and reducing the material’s resistance to bearing load.
 TYPES OF DRAINAGE:

 There are two types of drainage:

 Surface Drainage
 Subsurface Drainage
 SURFACE DRAINAGE:
Surface drainage is concerned with removing all water that is present on the pavement
surface. There are two primary means used to prevent water infiltration and
accumulation:

Impermeable HMA : HMA tends to be impermeable below about 8 percent air
voids, therefore proper compaction practices should be followed to ensure an
impermeable pavement. Also, minor cracks in the HMA should be promptly sealed.

Slope : pavement section should be sloped to allow rainwater to sheet flow quickly
to the edge where it is typically collected in a curb and gutter system or a roadside
ditch. A generally accepted standard is a 2 percent cross slope.
 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE
Subsurface drainage is concerned with removing water that percolates from upper
surface of the pavement to the subsurface layers of the pavement. This water typically
 accumulate under the pavement structure by two means:
 Gravity flow: Water from surrounding areas can be absorbed by the soil then flow by
gravity to areas underneath the pavement structure. 
 Capillary rise: Capillary rise is the rise in a liquid above the level of zero pressure
due to a net upward force produced by the attraction of the water molecules to a solid
surface.
PREVENTIONS FOR SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE
HMA pavements can fail because of subsurface support deterioration due to excessive moisture present
in sub surface layers. These issues can be accommodate in two manners:
 Minimize water infiltration: Minimize water infiltration into the pavement structure. In most cases,
the accumulated water in the underlying subgrade that causes the damage comes from surface
infiltration. This infiltration can be minimized by providing proper roadside drainage and minimizing
air voids within the HMA.
 Provide subsurface drainage: Subsurface drainage consists of two basic elements:-
i. A permeable base to provide for rapid removal of water which enters the pavement structure.
ii. A method of conveying the removed water away from the pavement structure.  This may consist
of a pipe collector system.
 REFERENCE

 https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/design/design-parameters/drainage/
 https://newdawnpermeablepaving.com.au/what-subsurface-drainage-needed-permeabl
e-pavement