HISTORY OF NURSING,HISTORY OF

NURSING IN INDIA & CONTRIBUTIONS

OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

PRESENTED BY
MRS.MINI.K.NAIR
ASST.PROFESSOR
ACON,KOTTAKKAL
 HISTORY OF NURSING

INTRODUCTION
Nursing existed in many centuries without contact with
modern medicine.The member of the family at home met
the nursing needs of the sick.
NURSING

Nursing is an art and a science

wherein caring forms the
theoretical framework of
nursing.
Nursing and caring are
grounded in a relational
understanding ,unity &
connection between the
professional nurse and the
patient.
 NURSING IN PRE-HISTORIC TIMES

There are no historical evidences available in ancient

history on nursing care of sick in premitive times.To get
rid of evil spirit unpleasant conditioning like
beating,starving magic rites etc.
Role of nurse in primitive period women were protecting
and caring for their children,aged and sicked members of
the family.
Nursing evolved to response to the desire to keep healthy
as well as provide comfort to sick.These love & hope
were expressed in empirical practice of nursing
CONTRIBUTION OF FLORENCE
NIGHTINGALE

 “THE LADY WITH THE

LAMP”
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
(12 MAY 1820-13 AUGUST 1910)

She was born may 12th 1820 ,florence (italy) & died
august 13 1910,london .
She belonged to affluent and well educated members
of a victorian family.she was tutored in
mathematics,languages,religion and philosopy.
She was an english social reformer and statistician
and is credited with being the founder of modern
nursing
 Cont…..

Nightingale was put in charge of nursing british and

allied soldiers in turkey during the crimean war(1854
march).she spent many hours in the wards,and her
night rounds giving personal care to the wounded
established her image as “the lady with the lamp.”
During this crimean war period she brought about
major reforms in hygiene ,sanitation and nursing
practice and reduced the mortality rate at the
Barracks hospital,Turkey.
 Cont…

Her efforts to formalize nursing education led her to

establish the first scientifically based nursing school-
the nightingale school of nursing ,at St.Thomas
hospital in London (opened1860).
She also was instrumental in setting up training for
midwives and nurses in workhouse infirmaries.
She was the first women awarded the order of merit
(1907).International nurses day ,observed annually
on may 12 commemorates her birth and celebrates
the important role of nurse in health care.
 CONT..

In 1853 nigtingale went to paris to study with the

sisters of charity & was appointed superintendent of
the english general hospital in turkey
In 1859,to spread her opinions on nursing,florence
published a book called “Notes On Nursing”.This laid
down the principles of nursing ,careful observation
and sensitivity to the patients needs.
 FOUNDER OF MODERN
NURSING

 LADY WITH THE LAMP

 FIRST NURSING PHILOSOPHY

 NURSING EDUCATION

 NURSING RESEARCHER

 STATISTICIAN

 ENGLISH SOCIAL REFORMER.

 HISTORY OF NURSING IN INDIA

Nursing –vedic period (3000B.C-1400B.C)

Indian medicines are found in the sacred books of
vedas.
1400B.C Sushruta known as father of surgery in
india wrote a book on surgery.
Later Charaka wrote a book on internal medicine.by
these writings learn those days surgery and had four
wings of treatment .
 Nursing post vedic period(600BC-600AD

Medical education was introduced in ancient

universities like Nalanda and Takshashila.
King Asoka constructed hospitals for the people and
animals.
Prevention of diseases was given first importance
and hygienic practices were adopted.
 Nursing in mughal period (1000AD)

Unani system of medicine developed during the Arab

civilization.
It was practiced in indo-pakistan subcontinent.
Eradication of disease depends on defense mechanism
of the body ,self careand positive health
habits ,therefore it becomes part of indian medicine
practice.
 British period (16th century onwards)

During the 16th century ,nursing development in india had

taken 3 dimensions;
 Military nursing
 Civilian nursing
 Missionary nursing
 Military nursing

Was born during the 1st world war but developed slowly.
To take care of british officials and soldiers in india
On 21st feb 1888 10 fully qualified certified nurses from
Florence Nightingale arrived to bombay to lead nursing in
india.
 Civilian nursing

In 1664,east india company built govt general hosp

at madras for civilians.
In 1854,midwives training school granted certificates
of diploma in midwifery for passed students & sick
nursing for failed students .
 Missionary nursing

It was started training for indian people as nurses.

Brought fully qualified indian nurses.
From 1888-93,various experts drew up a curriculum
for training.
During 1907-10 north india united board of
examiners was formed to maitain nursing
administration and standards.
In1928 hindi textbook for nursing developed
In 1939 Pg school for nurses developed.
 Community health nursing

In 1946 CHN was integrated in basic nursing programme

at delhi ,vellore and madras.
 TNAI (trained nurses association of india)

In 1908 TNAI was formed to uphold the dignity and

honor of the nursing profession.
Florence Mac Haughton was the 1st president of TNAI
In 1912, TNAI was affliated to international nursing
council as 8th association in the world.
On 16th june 1917under the registration act no:XXI of
1860 TNAI got registered
In 1992 SNA was formed
(INC )INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL

o It was constituted to establish a uniform standard of

education for nurses ,midwives,health visitors and
auxillary nurses
o Inc act was passed on dec 31st 1947

o Council was constituted in 1949

Main purpose:-
• To set standards and regulates the nsg education

• To prescribe and specify minimum requirements

• Advisory role for the state nursing council

• To collaborate with state nsg councils,schools &

colleges of nsg & examination boards.
 International council of nurses(ICN)

 It was founded in 1899 by mrs. Bedford Fenwick.

 It is a federation of non political & self governing national
nurses.
 Global voices of nursing.
Purposes:-
 To promote health and care for the sick
 To serve as the authoritative voice for nurses
 STATE REGISTRATION COUNCIL

autonomous
functions:-
inspect and accredit schools of nsg in their states
conduct the exams
prescribe rules of conduct
maintain registers of nurses midwives ANM and health
visitors in the state
 Development of nursing education

Basic general nursing and midwifery education

 Training of dais (trained birth attendant)
One dais in each village and trained all the practising
Duration of training 30 days,no age limit ,both theory and
practical ,emphasis on field practices.
 Auxillary Nurse Midwife(ANM)

1950 inc came with future pattern of nursing training in

india
Ist course started @St.Marys hosp punjab 1951.
Qualification 7/8 years of schooling
Period of course 2yrs (9months of midwifery and 3
months of community experience)
 Lady health visitor course

It was prescribed by inc in 1951

Qualification 10th
Duration 2 1/2years
Subsequently reduced to 2yrs
General nursing and midwifery course

GNM was prescribed by INC in 1951

1954 special provision for male nurse
1954 public health sector was also introduced
1964-65,psychiatric nursing included in curriculum
Duration 4yrs(reduced to 3.5yrs)
( gradually reduced to 3yrs )
Post basic/post certificate short term course & diploma courses

1954 Manzil Medical Health centre Lucknow started

nursing orientation course of 4-6 weeks duration.
1951 ,1yr course in public health was started nsg college
Delhi.
1962 diploma in pediatric nursing @J J Group of hosp
 UNIVERSITY LEVEL PROGRAMMES

Basic B.Sc nursing

Post basic B.Sc nursing
Post basic distance by distance education
mode
Post graduate education –M.Sc nursing
M.Phil
Ph.D In nursing.
 EVOLUTION OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA

1871-School of nursing started in general

hosp ,Madras
1886-School of nursing was stated in JJ
hosp,Mumbai
1908-TNAI established
1909-Bombay Presidency Nursing Association was
formed
1910-united board of examination for nurses was
organized
 Cont………..

1926-1st nurses registration act passed in madras

1942-ANMprogramme started
1943-School Of Nursing @RAKcollege Delhi
1943-Diploma programme in nursing
administration stated in Delhi
1946-4 year bsc (N) programme started in RAK
college and CMC Vellore
 Cont……......

1947-INC was passed

1949-INC established
1959-M.Sc (N )started in RAK college
1963-Post basic B.SC programme started in various
institutions
1968-M.Sc (N) @CMC vellore
1972-basic degree programme started in kerala
 Cont…………………

1985-IGNOU established
1986-curriculum change for GNM programme
from 31/2 yrs to 3yrs
1986-Mphil programme started in RAK college
1987-M.Sc. N started in Kerala
1988-M.Sc N @ NIMHANS
1992-Ph.Din RAK college Delhi
2001-Ph.D @NIMHANS
THANKYOU