Development of

transport in India
Development of roads

 According to Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, as of

March 2021, India had about 151,019 kilometres (93,839 mi)
of national highways and expressways, plus another 186,528
kilometres (115,903 mi) of state highways. Major projects
are being implemented under the Bharatmala, a
government initiative.
 Who developed roads in India ?
 Roads have been existing in India for the last 5000 years. In
early stages of Indian history Ashoka and Chandragupta
made efforts to build roads
What was Government’s major Road
development project?
 What are Sagarmala and Bharatmala Projects?
 Bharatmala is a road infrastructure project executed by the Government of
India. By 2022 a total of 35,000 Km of national highways construction and
up-gradation will take place.
Are Indian roads improving?

 The report also said that the total length of national highways in the country is expected
to reach 112,000 miles. The report further indicates that India is on course to build
more national highways during the decade ending 2025 than it has cumulatively
built between 1950 and 2015.02-Sept-2022
Development of railways in India

 GIPR started its first workshops in Byculla in 1854 and Madras Railway set up their
first workshop at Perambur in 1856. The railway boom continued with the
incorporation of the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) in 1855,
Eastern Bengal Railway in 1858, and the East Coast State Railway in 1890.
 How was Railways developed in India?
 The first section from Hathras Road to Mathura Cantonment was opened to traffic on
19th October, 1875. These were the small beginnings which is due course developed
into a network of railway lines all over the country. By 1880 the Indian Railway
system had a route mileage of about 9000 miles.
Who built India’s first railway?

 Turnbull would later gain great acclaim as the “First Railway Engineer of India”.
Turnbull proceeded to survey the exact line of the new route and to design the Howrah
Terminus, across the Hooghly from Calcutta, which, with 23 platforms, would soon
become the largest rail station in Asia.
What is the future plan of Indian
Railways?
 Indian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) for India – 2030. The Plan
is to create a 'future ready' Railway system by 2030. The NRP is aimed to formulate
strategies based on both operational capacities and commercial policy initiatives to
increase modal share of the Railways in freight to 45%.
Our railways improving in India?

 Pace of Railway Electrification has been increased over 4.5 times from
608Km/year in 2009-14 to 2,737 Km in 2014-20. 100% electrification of Broad
Gauge has been targeted by December 2023. Speed of Freight Trains have been
doubled in 2020-21 to 46 kmph from 23 kmph in earlier years.
Development of Airways

 The humble beginning of the aviation sector started in 1911 when air mail
operation started between Allahabad and Naini. British, French, and Dutch carried
forward the aviation set up of India between 1920 and 1930. Indian National Airways
was formed in 1933
Who introduced Airways in India?

 Chairman JRD Tata

 India's first commercial airline, Tata Airlines, was founded by business tycoon and
former Tata Group Chairman JRD Tata in 1932. The company later went public and
was renamed as Air India, country's national airline, in 1946.
How can we improve air transportation
in India?
 Chairman JRD Tata
 India's first commercial airline, Tata Airlines, was founded by business tycoon and
former Tata Group Chairman JRD Tata in 1932. The company later went public and
was renamed as Air India, country's national airline, in 1946.
Development of waterway

 Through the ages, rivers have served as effective waterways, carrying

people and goods over long distances.  Even today, many countries depend
heavily on inland water transport, especially for large and bulky cargo, as it
is cheaper, more reliable and less polluting than transporting goods by
road or rail.
 India has yet to develop this cheaper and greener mode of transportation.
Goods still travel by congested road and rail networks, slowing the
movement of cargo, adding to uncertainties, and increasing the costs of
trade. So much so that logistics costs in India are estimated to account for
as much as 18 percent of the country’s GDP.
What is the history of waterways ?

 Early civilizations, which arose by waterways, depended on watercraft for

transport. The Egyptians were probably the first to use seagoing vessels (c. 1500 bce);
the Phoenicians, Cretans, Greeks, and Romans also relied on waterways.
What is the importance of waterways?

 Importance of waterways: i It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. ii
It is a fuel efficient and environment friendly. iii More than 95% of the countrys trade
volume is moved b1 the sea. iv It is the cheapest means of transport.
What is importance of water transport ?

 It is one of the most important means of transport for carrying goods from one
part to another in a country. It is a cheaper and quicker mode of transport and is most
suitable for carrying heavy, bulky and cheap traffic like coal, iron ore, etc. to distant
places.