Project Name : - Plastic waste: Sources, disposal/management and availability and

use of E-crusher at nearby public places.

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

PUNJAB
December,2022

Project of -CHE110
Submitted by:
NAME: Akash Kumar (REG NO:12216095) Roll no. 04 Submitted to : - Dr. Sandip Singh (28707)
NAME: Govardhan Choudhary (REG NO:12216238) Roll no. 05

NAME: Ravi (REG NO:12216569) Roll no. 06

INTRODUC
TION
 SOURCES OF PLASTIC
WASTAGE
1. Food Wrappers & Containers
Food Wrappers and Containers account for 31.14% of
pollution in the environment.
Modern food packaging makes food safe, dependable, shelf-
stable, and sanitary.
Unfortunately, most of the food packaging is single-use and
cannot be recycled.
From biscuit containers to chocolate bar wrappers to potato
chip bags, single-use plastic packaging can be found
everywhere.
Paper and paperboard, hard plastic, and glass make up most
of the food packaging.
2. FISHING NETS
 More than 640,000 tons of nets, lines, pots, and traps
used in commercial fishing are dumped and discarded in
the sea every year, the same weight as 55,000 double-
decker buses.
 The report, which draws on the most up-to-date research
on “ghost gear” polluting the oceans, calls for
international action to stop the plastic pollution, which is
deadly for marine wildlife.
 About 300 sea turtles were found dead because of
entanglement in ghost gear off the coast of Oaxaca,
Mexico, last year. And in October, a pregnant whale was
found entangled in ghost gear off the Orkney coast.
3.BOTTLE & CONTAINER CAPS

481.6 billion plastic bottles were used worldwide in

single year.
Only 9% of plastic is recycled (this number is declining)
due to China no longer accepting US plastics.
More than $1 billion worth of plastic is wasted each year.
Bottle caps are often so small that it’s easy to overlook
the impact they have on the environment. If you drop one
on the ground at the park or the beach, you may think it’s
not a big deal.
4.HEALTHCARE
INDUSTRY
Single-use plastics are being overused in healthcare when
alternatives are available, despite the negative impact on
both human health and the environment. Plastic has become
ubiquitous in healthcare, with a dramatic shift towards
single-use items in recent decades. Our latest publication,
Measuring and reducing plastics in the healthcare sector,
provides data on plastic use in the healthcare sector and
successful case studies of reducing plastics. Our publication
also gives you practical steps on how to measure data for
your own healthcare facility’s plastic consumption to
support a compelling, evidence-based case for taking action
on plastic in healthcare.
 5.TOURISM INDUSTRY
 Through the construction
and creation of
infrastructure and
services, tourism increases
the amount of plastic
washed into the oceans.
 In fact, during peak tourist
season, 40 percent of the
plastic pollution in the
Mediterranean Sea comes
from this source.
6.PLASTIC BAGS
 Plastic Bags account for 11.
18% of pollution in the
environment.
 The inherent evil of plastic
bags is well established by
now, and reusable bags have
mostly entered the
mainstream - but
unfortunately, this hasn't
resulted in a big reduction in
plastic bags.
7. STRAWS 8. BEVERAGE BOTTLES
Straws account for 8.13%
 Beverage Bottles account for 7.27% of
of pollution in the
environment. pollution in the environment.
 The process of water bottling emits 2.5
Straws have no way of million tons of carbon dioxide into the
recycling, which should environment each year.
be prohibited.
 Disposable water bottle waste is
In other words, even if washed into the ocean every year,
there is a need, there is killing 1.1 million marine animals.
no method to recycle
 Bottles recycle at a reasonably high
straws.
rate of 74 %, depending on the kind of
plastic used.

9 . A G R I C U LT U R A L I N D U S T R Y
 Polymers enable farmers, foresters, and
fishermen to retain livelihoods, improve
productivity, reduce crop losses, and
conserve water in a variety of ways,
from mulching and irrigation to fishing
gear and greenhouse films.
 New research demonstrates that, despite
their many advantages, agricultural
plastics are becoming a threat to the
environment's long-term viability.
As a result, agricultural plastics become
a serious hazard to the environment
10.CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
 “The construction industry is the second largest
user of plastic, with 20% of plastic waste coming
from the construction sector”, said Simon
Corbey, Associate Director of ASBP. “It is
estimated we produce globally 300MT of plastic
annually with 50% of this being single use.
Piping and conduit are the largest users of
polymers in construction and consume 35% of
production”.
 The construction industry is the second-largest
consumer of plastic, accounting for 20 percent
of all plastic waste.
 They are anticipated to produce 300 metric tons
of plastic every year, with half of that being
single use.
 CURRENT PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIO

1.LANDFILLING .

Though all plastics can be disposed of in landfills,

it is viewed highly reckless as it needs an
enormous quantity of space and the chemical
components and energy carried in plastic is
dissipated (wasted) in this disposal route. In 2008, a
staggering amount of 29.2 million tons of plastic
was disposed of in landfills in the United States. In
nations where landfills are inadequately managed,
plastic wastes can be simply blown into
waterways or carried out to sea by floodwater.
Also, when plastics disintegrate in landfills, they
may leak pollutants (phthalates and bisphenol A)
into the soil and encompassing environment.
2.INCINERATION

The simplest way to lessen the amount of solid waste

is to burn it in a process called ‘incineration’. The
fundamental benefits of a municipal waste incinerator
are that they need less land and can also be
efficiently used for power generation. Nevertheless,
incineration of plastics in MSW also generates toxic
gas emissions that carry heavy metals, dioxins, and
other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Heavy metals
such as lead, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and mercury are
parts of the waste stream and consequently, when
incinerated, they eventually reach the atmosphere
and further persist with soot particles and generated ash.
 3.RECYCLING

Most plastic can be recycled and the elements

recovered can be given a second-life. Yet, this
design is not fully utilized, due to complications
with the accumulation and sorting of plastic
waste. Several developing (and certain
developed countries) have inadequate waste
management provisions which frequently result in
plastics (and other waste) being carelessly disposed
into rivers and water bodies. Although recycling is
the most efficient way to deal with plastic waste,
its effectiveness is profoundly depended on public
awareness, economic viability, and the
implementation of public infrastructures.
USE OF E-CRUSHER
Crushers are widely used as a primary stage to produce
the particulate product finer than about 50–100 mm in
size. They are classified as jaw, gyratory and cone
crushers based on compression, cutter mill based on
shear and hammer crusher based on impact.
A jaw crusher consists essentially of two crushing
plates, inclined to each other forming a horizontal
opening by their lower borders. Material is crushed
between a fixed and a movable plate by reciprocating
pressure until the crushed product becomes small
enough to pass through the gap between the crushing
plates. 
CONCLUSION
Plastics without a doubt are a big threat to humanity. They pollute the
environment, wildlife, water life, and eventually human beings. The
problem has been around for a long time and though different schemes
and plans of action have been implemented it still remains a problem to
be solved. If not solved, it will destroy our generation and generations
to come. Proper awareness and education must be given to the public
regarding the aftereffects of plastics. Ultimately it depends on each and
every individual to take measures and to avoid using plastics. Even
though reusing and cleaning can help these are not permanent solutions
to the problem. Everyone has to join hands and take firm decisions on
eliminating plastic usage and it will make a plastic-free world for us.
REFERENCES

Muncke, Jane. “Food Packaging Materials.” Food Packaging Forum Foundation, October 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2019, from
https://www.foodpackagingforum.org/food-packaging-h

ealth/food-packaging-materials

1.www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/06/dumped-fishing-gear-is-biggest-plastic-polluter-in-ocean-finds-report

2.sustainability.weill.cornell.edu/recycling/bottle-caps-and-environment

3.https://habitsofwaste.org/call-to-action/plastic-bottles/

4.https://noharm-europe.org/articles/news/europe/measuring-and-reducing-plastics-healthcare-sector

5.https://www.theworldcounts.com/stories/plastic-bag-pollution-facts

6.https://www.construction21.org/articles/h/plastics-in-construction-issues-impacts-and-alternatives.html

7.Be Waste Wise (2019, March) - “Plastic Wastes and its Management”. Publishedonlineatbioenergyconsult.com. Retrieved

from “https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/plastic-wastes-management ”[Online Resource

8.Ross Marchand (2016, September 15) - “Methods of Plastic Waste Disposal (and possible complications)”.

Published online at http://blog.nus.edu.sg/. Retrieved from “http://blog.nus.edusg/plasticwor

ld/2016/09/06/x-methods-of-plastic-waste- disposal-and-possible-complications/” [OnlineResource]

9.Sourav Daspatnaik - “Finding Solutions to Plastic Waste Management In India”. Published online at ecoideaz.com

11.https://www.recycle-plant.com/waste-plastic-crusher.html#Plastic_crusher_machine_video
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