Rules & Condition of a Slaughterer

• Muslim/ Ahli Kitab

• Baligh/ Mumayyiz
• Having intention to slaughter
• Invocation of Allah’s name
• Not performing slaughtering in the ihram during Hajj (for
hunting animal)

2
MUSLIM / AHLI KITAB WHO IS AHLI KITAB: Pejabat
Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan - AL-KA
FI #484: PERKAHWINAN DENGA
N PEREMPUAN AHLI KITAB
 The slaughterer must be an adult Muslim or a Bible (who meets
the requirements of the biblical scholars as mentioned by the
Syrian-scholars).

 The meat of an animal killed by an idolater, a nonbeliever, or

someone who has apostatized from Islam is unacceptable.

“The food of those who were given the Scriptures before you is
lawful to you…”
(QS Al Maidah: 5)
3
WHO IS MUSLIMS ?

Muslims are a person who submissive

& obey the command of Allah SWT as
delivered by the prophet Muhammad
SAW

https://
zulkiflihasan.files.wordpress.com/
2008/06/hadis-40.pdf
 WHO is the
BIBBLE(AHLUL
KITAB)

DEFINITION
Al-Quran: Those Jews and Christians who hold to the Torah and the
Gospel.

SCHOLARS:
Imam al-Syafie : presents to the descendants of the Jewish and Christian
people of Israel. Those who are not of the lineage of the Children of Israel,
are not included in the Bible, although converted to Judaism and
Christianity, are not included in the Bible. This is because, Moses and
Jesus were sent only to the Children of Israel and not to any other people.
As the Torah and the Gospel were revealed only to them, the Qur'an
referred to them as the Book of Scripture. (See al-Umm, 4/182)

2. Imam al-Syirazi: also looks like Imam al-
Syafie.
× According to Imam al-Syirazi, the phrase "two
classes"‫ ) )طائفتين‬refers to Jews and Christians.
(Refer to al-Muhazzab fi Fiqh al-Imam Syafie,
3/306)
× ‫أن تقولوا إنما أنزل الكتاب على طائفتين من قبلنا وإن كنا‬
‫عن دراستهم لغافلين‬
Meaning: So that you do not say: "That Scripture
(religion) was passed down to the two groups
(Jews and Christians) before us, and indeed we (in
fact) misunderstood what they read and studied."
(Surah al-An'am: 156)
3. Al-Shahrastani:
Argues that the Bible scholars are not only dedicated to the
descendants of the Jews of Judaism and Christianity but
also those who receive the Torah and the Gospel, whether
they practice it or not. (See al-Milal wa al-Nihal, 2/13)
4. Imam Abu Hanifah:
the Bible scholars were also from the Kaskar (northern
Kufah) and Bata'ih (northern swampland areas) areas of
Christianity. Although they differ greatly from other
religions; because Christianity has many streams such as al-
Marquniyyah, al-Aaryusiyyah, al-Maruniyyah. These three
streams are from al-Nisturiyyah and al-Malkiyyah. The
flow of al-Ya'qubiyyah avoids this flow and bans them.
These traces were passed on to John the son of Zechariah,
the Shith and claimed to be the books of God which were
passed down to Shith the son of Adam, the son of Zechariah
and the Christians who referred to them as Yuhanna. (See
Ahkam al-Qur'an, 3/118)
W H O I S A H L K I TA B ?

THE AHL KITAB IS THE TERM
TO THE JEWISH AND
CHRISTIAN IN BANI ISRAEL.
(MOHD RAZIF,2016)
THOSE WHO ARE NOT FROM THE BANI
ISRAEL DESCENDANTS, DO NOT BELONG
TO THE AHL KITAB, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE
JEWISH AND CHRISTIANITY, DO NOT
BELONG TO THEM.
(MOHD RAZIF,2016)

AS THE KITAB TAURAT AND THE INJIL WERE

REVEALED ONLY TO THEM, THE QUR'AN
NAMED THEM AS THE AHL KITAB.
(MOHD RAZIF,2016)
 V I E W O F S C H O L A R S A B O U T S L A U G H T E R B Y A H L K I TA B

Imam Shafie It is unlawful to

dedicated that we slaughter it for
can consume the the purpose of
meat that being their tools of
slaughter by Ahl worship
Kitab. (Adawiyah, 2016)
(Adawiyah, 2016)
‫ين @ ُأو ُتوا‬
َ ‫ام @ الَّ ِذ‬
ُ ‫ات @ ۖ َو َط َع‬ َّ @ ‫ْال َي ْو َم @ ُأ ِح َّل@ َل ُك ُم‬
ُ ‫الط ِّي َب‬

Their slaughter is
ۖ ‫اب ِح ٌّل َل ُك ْم َو َط َعا ُم ُك ْم ِح ٌّل َل ُه ْم‬
َ ‫ْال ِك َت‬
lawful in the Meaning:This day are (all) things good and pure made lawful
name of Allah. unto you. The food of the People of the Book is lawful unto
(Mohd Razif, 2016) you and yours is lawful unto them (Surah Al Maidah :5)
S L A U G H T E R B Y A H L K I TA B N O WA D AY S A R E S T I L L
VA L I D ?

Majority of the scholars accepted that

It is lawful and be consume by
slaughter animals by Ahl Kitab is
Muslim
permissible
(Ammi Nur Baits, 2016)
(Ammi Nur Baits, 2016)

ۡ‫ت هّٰللا ِ ٰا َنٓا َء الَّ ۡي ِل َو هُم‬ ِ ‫لَ ۡـيس ُۡوا َس َوٓا ًء ​ؕ  م ِۡن اَ ۡه ِل ۡالك ِٰت‬
ِ ‫ب اُم ٌَّة َقٓاِئ َم ٌة ي َّۡتلُ ۡو َن ٰا ٰي‬
‫َي ۡس ُج ُد ۡو َن‬
Meaning: Yet all are not alike: among the People of
the Book there are upright people who recite the
messages of Allah in the watches of the night and
prostrate themselves in worship.
(Surah Al-Imran : 113)
I T I S U N L AW F U L A N D C A N N O T B E C O N S U M E , I F :

The Ahl Kitab it is not from

Slaughtering method does not
the Bani Israel and its
comply with Shariah
descendants
(Adawiyah, 2016)
(Adawiyah, 2016)

‫ُون َك ٰلَ َم ٱهَّلل ِ ُث َّم ي َُحرِّ فُو َنهُۥ م ِۢن َبعْ ِد َما َع َقلُوهُ َو ُه ْم َيعْ لَمُون‬
َ ‫يق ِّم ْن ُه ْم َيسْ َمع‬ َ ‫وا َل ُك ْم َو َق ْد َك‬
ٌ ‫ان َف ِر‬ َ ‫َا َف َت ْط َمع‬
۟ ‫ُون َأن يُْؤ ِم ُن‬
Meaning: Do you covet [the hope, O believers], that they would believe for you while a party
of them used to hear the words of Allah and then distort the Torah after they had understood
it while they were knowing?
(Al-Baqarah: 75)
● \

Meat of
Animals Killed
by the
Ahlul Kitab
 Islamic scholars have different
opinion and debate about the
permissibility of consuming meat
from animals killed by Ahlul Kitab.
The first part of the ruling, Muslims are
allowed to eat the Jewish and Christians food
as long as it does not violate the opening
statement of the verse, “This day all good and
wholesome things have been made lawful for
you.” (al-Maidah verses 5)
*** Majority Islamic scholars opined :
- food of the Ahlul- Kitab must meet the criteria of halal,
wholesome food, proper slaughtering of animals.
However, Al-Qaradawi and some scholar
opined that this verse does not apply to the
food of Ahlul-Kitab. They opine that meat of
halal animals sold in Western countries is
acceptable for Muslims. They contend that
God’s name may be pronounced at the time of
eating rather than at the time of slaughtering
of an animal.
Strict requirement for Muslims;
“Eat not of (meats) on which Allah’s name has not
been pronounced: That would be impiety.”
(Al-An’aam verse 121)
The method of kosher slaughter of animals is
the same. Secular slaughter is not.
Eg: U.S., one cannot assume that the secular
slaughter person is someone who is a
Christian.
- The Jewish slaughter person does invoke
the name of God before slaughtering a
group of animals.
- Some major American rabbis have given
permission for the Jewish slaughter
person to say the Takbir in Arabic at the
time of slaughter over each animal.
- Regulatory agencies in halal-food-
importing countries, halal certifiers, or
individual Muslim consumers can accept
or reject products based on this
reasoning.
For Muslims who want to strictly follow the
requirements of Surah Al-An’aam verse 121,
NO MEAT containing products of the Ahlul-Kitab
meets the Islamic standard.
Most kosher food processors think Muslims
accept kosher
- meeting halal standards and requirement
other than meats and alcohol containing
products.
- Religiously, Muslims prefer not to accept
kosher certification as a substitute for halal
certification
Kosher
Laws
01 Eating should be
mindful

02 ● - Kosher laws determine which foods are fit or proper for consumption by Jewish
Consumers who observe these laws.

03 Kosher - ( Kashrut)= Proper/Fit/Correct

04 ● - The laws are Biblical in origin, coming mainly from original five books of the Holy
Scriptures (the Torah)
● - Moses received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai.
● - The Jewish Tradition teaches that Moses also received the oral law which eventually
written down many years in later in the Talmud.

05 ● - The meaning of the Biblical Kosher laws have been interpreted and extended by rabbis
to protect Jews from violating any of the fundamental laws and to address new issues
and technologies.
06
● - The system of Jewish law is referred to as Halacha.
Ajaran Kristianiti adalah bersumberkan kepada Bible yang menjadi kitab suci penganut agama Kristian yang mengandungi
'Old Testement' dan 'New Testement'. Kedua-dua lembaran ini mengandungi sistem nilai dan etika yang tersendiri yang
berkaitan dengan kehidupan. Dalam konteks perbincangan ini, hanya sistem nilai dan etika yang berkaitan sahaja yang akan
dikemukakan merangkumi 'The Ten Commandments' dalam Old Testement dan Akhlak kehidupan seharian dalam New
Testement dan dalam ringkasannya dapat dikelaskan seperti berikut;
(a) The Ten Commandments mengemukakan sepuluh nilai moral yang mesti dihayati oleh penganut Kristian antaranya;
The Ten Commandments mengemukakan sepuluh nilai moral yang mesti dihayati oleh penganut Kristian antaranya;

i. Mempercayai Trinity (Konsep Son of God, Father of God dan Ruhul Qudus
ii. Tidak menyembah patung atau berhala yang menyerupai objek dilangit dan dibumi;
iii. Tidak menyebut nama Tuhan secara sembarangan;
iv. Tetaplah ingat dan mensucikan hari Sabath;
v. Menghormati ayah dan ibu;
vi. Jangan membunuh;
vii. Jangan berzina dan melakukan maksiat;
viii. Jangan mencuri;
ix. Jangan berdusta;
x. Jaga hak jiran dan Hak orang lain

16
Halal Laws
 Basic principles
Determines which remain definite
food are lawful or and unaltered
permitted for
Muslims

Interpretation
Are found in the change according to
Quran and Hadith time, place and
circumstances
Kosher Dietary
Laws
 Kosher
Dietary Laws

Allowed
Animals
Prohibition
Prohibition of Mixing
of Blood Of Meat
and Milk

Kosher
Dietary Law
 ALLOWED ANIMALS

● Ruminant animals with cloven and split hooves are kosher such as
cows, deer, sheep, goats, lambs and oxen.
● Traditional domestic birds such as chicken, turkey, squab, duck, and
goose.
● Fish with fins and scales are permitted
● Animals that slaughtered by Shochet.
 PROHIBITED ANIMALS

● Predators birds such hawks, eagle, owls and gulls.

● Insects .
● Pigs, wild birds, sharks, dogfish, catfish, monkfish, and similar species,
shellfish, reptiles.
● Birds in ratite category such as ostrich, and emu
 PROHIBITION OF
BLOOD
Slaughtering

Treif
• Slaughtered by
• Chalet will be
Shochet
check before • If the animal is
• Using special knife for
and after defective
purpose (Chalef) slaughtering
• Knife must extremely • Problems with
• No stunning
sharp, without nicks, the knife such
before
have a very straight as small nick
slaughter
blade at least twice
diameter of the neck of
the animal to be
slaughtered
 PROHIBITION OF MIXING
MEAT AND MILK

MEAT PRODUCT
DAIRY PRODUCT

Pareve product
 MEAT AND DAIRY
PRODUCTS
The use of utensils, equipment,
pipe, steams and so on must be
separated between meat and
dairy
• Dairy product can be consume
BEFORE and AFTER meat meal,
not with meat meal
• The wait before eating meat is
much less, usually from a rinse of
the mouth with water to one hour.
Some of them wait from one to six
hours based on customs.
• Before cooking, the meat must
be soaked first to remove blood
from it
• The cuts of meat only permitted
if they cut forequarters from
ruminant animals.
• The sources of dairy products
must from kosher animals
• The dairy products must not mix
with any derivatives from meat
such as gelatine
KOSHER CUTS OF BEEF
 PAREVE
PRODUCTS

● Pareve product is considered as neutral and does not contain meat and
dairy products such as eggs, fish, bread, vegetables or fruits.
● It is permissible to consume it with meat or dairy products unlike meat
and dairy that are forbidden to consume it together or at the same
meal.
 FISH

● Fish with fins and scales are permitted

● Shellfish such as shrimp, oysters, crab and other shellfish are
prohibited in kosher dietary laws

EGGS

● It is permitted to consume eggs from fowl and fish kosher animal with
condition there is no trace of blood on it
● The eggs must be check to ensure there is no blood on it
 Fruits and
Vegetables

● Fruits and vegetables are kosher in their pure form

● Not kosher when if it contains with insects
● Not kosher if the fruits and vegetables are processed using non kosher
equipment
Grains and
Bread

● Grains and bread are also kosher in their purest form

● Bread may not kosher due to the equipment during processing or ingredients
they use. For example, usage of animal-based shortening in the bread and
equipment that greased by animal-based fats to cook meat or dairy dish
Nut, Seeds
and Oils

● Foods and oils derived from it are kosher in its purest form
● Complicated processing of these foods are always cause not kosher due the
cross contamination of equipment that had been used before for meat or
dairy products.

Wine
● Wine must be process and produced by using equipment and ingredients that
are kosher including tools that use for fermentation process.
● Wine must be practiced and supervised by Jews to ensure the wine is kosher
Kosher and Halal
Gelatin & Biotechnology

GELATIN
Fish Gelatins:
- can be produced kosher and halal
with proper supervision
- acceptable to almost all the
mainstream religious supervision
organizations.
Gelatins with pork based:
- totally unacceptable to halal
consumers.
Eg:
- Certified halal gelatin from cattle bones of
animals that have been slaughtered by Muslims
- Certified halal and kosher gelatine made with
vegetable material
BIOTECHNOL
OGY
Rabbis and Islamic scholars:
- accept products made by simple
genetic engineering
- for example, chymosin (rennin)
Production conditions in fermenters
- the ingredients, the fermenter, and
any subsequent processing must use
kosher or halal equipment and
ingredients of the appropriate status
Porcine through biotechnology:
Kosher: Mainstream rabbis approved if
all the other conditions are kosher
Islam: Unacceptable
 07
Comparison of
Kosher and Halal
 HALAL
HALAL DIFFERENCES
KOSHER
KOSHER
MS1500:2009 Guidelines Kashrut
Quran Roots Torah

Muslim Slaughterer Jew

Requires tasmiyyah Prayer Does not requires a blessing

Utensils that have come Utensils Utensils that have come into
into contact with non- contact with meat may not
halal food may not be be used with dairy and vice
used on halal ingredient versa
Halal except intoxicant, Fruits and If there is no bugs in fruits
harmful and poisonous Vegetables and vegetables

Can be consumed Meat and Dairy Cannot be consumed

together together
Not allowed Alcohol Allowed

Porcine and non- Gelatine Only bovine and fish

slaughtered gelatine are gelatine are accepted
forbidden
Halal except intoxicant, Fish and Only if they have fins and
harmful and poisonous Seafood scales
Halal Logo Kosher Logo
 C O M P A R I S O N O F H A L A L & K O S H E R

ISLAM KOSHER
• Required The Name of Allah to be mention individually • Sufficient to recite The Name of God once for the day for
on each animal during slaughtering. all the slaughters.

• Any sane Muslim who is acquainted with the process of • Only a specifically appointed person “sochet” is allowed
slaughtering can carry out Zabihah. to carry out the shechita.

• Consider the entire cattle or sheep as Halal if duly • Use only the fore-quarter as Kosher and consider the hind
slaughtered. quarter as non-kosher (prohibitted)

Note: Retrieved from https://meat.tamu.edu/ansc-307-honors/kosher-halal/

:Kosher or slaughtering by People of the Book is not

applicable for Malaysian Halal Certification.
T H E D I F F E R E N C E B E T W E E N K O S H E R F O O D & T R E FA H
(NON-KOSHER)

K O S H E R ( P E R M I T T E D ) N O N - K O S H E R “ T R E FA H ”
( F O R B I D D E N )
• Ritually slaughtered Beef, Sheep, Goats & Deer. • Swine, Rabbit & any animal that died of natural
causes

• Chicken, Turkey, Geese • Wild birds. (eg; Eagle, Hawk)

• Fish with fins and scales. (eg: Salmon, Tuna) • All shell fish. Crab, Lobster, Clam

• Wine or grape juice made under Jewish supervision • Any other wine and grape juice

• Meat eaten separately from dairy • Meat with dairy (eg; cheeseburger, burger with
milkshake)

Notes: Adapted from Aghwan, Z. A., & Mac Regenstein, J. (2019).

VIDEO RELATED TO KOSHER AND HALAL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=Yzz0Lo-aPoI&t=51s&app=desktop