Column

Chromatography
Jhade Marie Lumapas
Jodin Mae Suson
Definition

• Column chromatography is a technique used

to separate chemical substances.

• Technique is also used for purification or

separation of substances

• Mixture is separated using glass column with

stationary and mobile phase.
History

Came from two greek word “kromatos-

colour” meaning “color writing”.

In 1906, M. Tswett, separated different

colored constituents of leaves extract through
column of calcium carbonate.
Definition of terms
Stationary phase- a.k.a adsorbents and it is the
solid part.
Mobile phase- Act as solvent to introduce
mixture to column.
Eluate- Solution obtained by elution
Elution- Process of extracting one material from
another
Eluent/Elute- removes pure component out to
the column.
Types of columns

Gravity Columns- Mobile phase move through stationary

phase by gravity force.

Flash Column (air or nitrogen pressure)- Mobile phase

pushed by stream of air through special values.

low and Medium pressure column (pumped)- Movement of

mobile phase accelerated by pumps.

Vacuum column- Adsorbent applied to sintered glass

funnel.

High pressure column- Fine silica gels being used to

increase separation power.
Apparatus
Phases in Chromatography:
Stationary Phase

Stationary phases used in column adsorption chromatography

are also known as adsorbents.

•Silica gel- Polar functional group

•Alumina- Less polar compound

Preparation (packing) of the column:

•Dry Method
•Wet Method
Mobile Phase

Act as a solvent to introduce the mixture into the column as

developer to develop the zones for separation and as an
eluent to remove the pure component out to the column.

It also depends on the choice of the solvent and

solubility characteristics of the sample.

Different mobile phase that are used:

Light petroleum ether

(petroleumether,hexane,heptanes)
Carbon tetra chloride
Cyclohexane
Carbon disulphide
Benzene
Application in Drugs and pharmaceuticals

•Purification Process
•Separation of Mixtures of Compounds
•Purification Process
Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages

Any quantity and type of mixture Takes a lot of time

can be separated

There is a wider choices of Mobile It requires a lot of amount of

Phase Mobile Phase

Automation is possible It makes it more complicated and

expensive when applying
Automation technique