Most Welcome to Grammar Class

By:
Mohammad Khalid Zarifi
 HAPPY GOOD MORNING

LIFE ENDS WHEN YOU STOP DREAMING, HOPE ENDS

WHEN YOU STOP BELIEVING, LOVE ENDS WHEN YOU
STOP CARING, FRIENDSHIP ENDS WHEN YOU STOP
SHARING...
PARTS OF
SPEECH
What is Language?
• LANGUAGE: The word language is taken from Latin
word “lingua” which means tongue.

• LANGUAGE: The system of communication both in

speech and writing through which we understand
ideas from each other or through which we convey
ideas to each other.

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ZICS
Types of Language:

LANGUAGE

VERBAL NON-VERBAL

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Verbal Language:
• Verbal Language is a language which is both written
and spoken.

• Ex: - Pashtu, English, Dari, etc

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Non-Verbal Language:
• Non-Verbal Language is a language which is neither
written nor spoken.

• Ex: - Body language, sign language etc..

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 Aspect of Language:

PRODUCTIVE RECEPTIVE

GRAMMAR WRITING HEARING LISTENING

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 Aspect of Language:
• In Productive aspect of a language we produce a
message.

• In Receptive aspect of a language we receive a

message.

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What is Grammar?
• The word grammar is taken or derived from a Latin
word “Grammat” which means letter.
• Grammar is an important skill of a language through
which we can use a language correctly and avoid
ourselves from making mistakes.
• Or
• Grammar: Grammar is the key of language, structure of
language and/or skeleton of language.

Ex: - He are studying computer. Back to

Ex: - Ali and Ahmad is busy. ZICS
Ex: - Are they played football?
 What is Word?
• Definition: The combination of limited alphabet letters expressing a
particular meaning and sense is known as word.

GRAMMATICAL WORDS LEXICAL WORDS

• (1) GRAMMATICAL WORDS: Grammatical words are those words which

need explanation.
• Ex: Noun. Adverb, Adjective, Verb, Pronoun and so on

• (2) LEXICAL WORDS: lexical words are those words which give meaning
and don’t need explanation.
• Ex: study, wash, work. Dance, eat, and so on Back to
ZICS
Parts of Speech
• Parts of speech: Parts of speech are the
combination of grammatical words giving eight
meaning and sense is known as parts of speech or
words which are daily spoken by the people is called
speech.

• (Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Adverb, Verb,

Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection)
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 Parts of Speech

1. OPEN SYSTEM (CHAIN)

2. CLOSED SYSTEM (CHAIN)

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 Open System (Chain)
• OPEN SYSTEM: Are “Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb
& Interjection).

• Some qualities of Open system (Chain) are listed

below.

• A: We can use affixes “prefix and suffix” to change

their forms and meanings.
– Ex: Like. dis + like = dislike (Meaning) Back to
– Ex: Play. play + er = player (Form) ZICS
Continued…
• B: Annually new words are entered in open system
(chain).
– Capitalism, sim card, internet and so on

• C: They can be changed from one form to another.

– Ex: Play “verb” - play + er = player “Noun”.
– Ex: Careful “adjective” careful + ly = carefully “Adv”.
– Ex: Happy “adjective” happy + ness = happiness “Noun”.
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 Closed System (Chain)
• CLOSED SYSTEM: Are “Conjunction, Preposition and
Pronoun”.
• Qualities of Closed system are listed below.

• A: We can not add affixes to them.

• B: Annually new words are not entered in closed
system (chain).
• C: They can not be changed from one form toto
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another. ZICS
 Noun

Pronoun

Adjective

Parts of Verb
Speech
Adverb

Preposition

Conjunction
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Interjection ZICS
 Thank you!

All The Best!