Intellectual

Revolutions

JOHN CARLO B. CONIENDO

INSTRUCTOR
 Objectives
• After the lesson, the students must have:
1. Discussed the paradigm shifts through history
2. Explained how the intellectual revolution changed the way how
humans see the world;
3. Described the technological advancements that happened in the
information age
 Intellectual Revolution
• The Intellectual revolution pertains to the
period of paradigm shifts or changes in the
scientific beliefs that have been widely
embraced and accepted by the people .
 Copernican Revolution
• Early people are intrigued in what created
day and night. With the invention of the
telescope, people began to peek at the outer
space and observe heavenly bodies.
• Many philosophers believed that planets
move around circular motions which created
day and nights.
 Claudius Ptolemy
• A famous philosopher and astronomer, stated
that planets ,as well as the sun and moon,
moved in circular motion around the earth.
• The sun and moon’s revolution explained the
existence of day and night.
• He believed that the earth was the center of
the universe – geocentrism.
 Nicolaus Copernicus
• In 16th century, a Polish mathematician and
astronomer, challenged the Ptolemaic model.
• Heliocentrism – suggested that the center of the
Solar system was not the Earth but actually the
sun.
• It was rejected at first due to religion and tagged
Copernicus as heretic for his teachings were
against the teachings of the church.
 Nicolaus Copernicus
• Copernicus’ contribution - the
heliocentric theory was accepted by
the people in a period called the
birth of modern astronomy.
• This era began what was known as
the scientific revolution.
 Darwinian Revolution
• Charles Darwin – an English naturalist, biologist
and geologist published the book “On the Origin
of Species”.
• Theory of Evolution – posited that populations
pass through a process of natural selection in
which only the fittest would survive (survival of
the fittest)
• Organisms adapt o their environment and would
gradually change into something that be more
competitive to survive, a process known as
evolution.
 Darwinian Revolution
• However, Darwin’s theory of evolution
became very controversial as people
perceived it to be contradictory to the
church’s teachings that the source of life is
a powerful creator.
• Because of this conflict, the people were
divided – a debate between science and
religion.
 Freudian Revolution
• Psychology – study of human behaviour
and mind is classified under the field of
philosophy. It is more of an art than
science.
• Sigmund Freud – was able to change
people’s perception of psychology with
his revolutionary theory of
psychoanalysis.
 Theory of Psychoanalysis
• Psychoanalysis is the study that explains human behavior.
• Freud explained that there are conscious and unconscious factors that
can influence behavior.

• He argued that personality is a product of three conflicting elements:

id, ego and superego.
 Supplementary Video
• Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOk_0mUT_JU