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Chapter 3 Wireless Network Principles 1
Chapter 3 Wireless Network Principles 1
Chapter 3 Wireless Network Principles 1
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Wireless Network Principles
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Outline
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Wireless Transmission
Signals
Wireless Basics
Transmission Media
Wireless Frequency Allocation
Relationship b/n Wireless Frequency and Distance Covered
Antennas
Signal Propagations
Multiplexing
Modulation
Analog vs. Digital Communication
Medium Access Techniques
Classification of Wireless Network
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Wireless Transmission
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Signals
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Wireless Basics
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Wireless Basics
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Transmission Media
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Wireless Frequency Allocation
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Wireless Frequency Allocation
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Wireless Frequency Allocation
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Wireless Frequency Allocation
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Wireless Frequency Allocation
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Wireless Frequency Allocation
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Why?
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Relationship b/n Wireless Frequency and Distance Covered
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Relationship b/n Wireless Frequency and Distance Covered
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Transmitter
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Transmitter
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Antenna
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Summary of Wireless Frequency Range,
Application, and Propagation
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Signal Propagation
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Signal Propagation
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1. Shadowing: occurs when signal encounters large obstacles. Even small obstacles like a simple wall can
cause it.
2. Reflection: occurs when signal encounters large surfaces. The surface is large relative to the wavelength of
the signals.
3. Refraction: occurs because of the density of the medium through which EME travels. i.e. waves that travel
4. Scattering: occurs when the incoming signals hits an object whose size is in the order of the wavelength of
5. Diffraction : occurs at the edge of impenetrable body that is large compared to the wavelength of the radio
wave.
signal a t sender
signal a t receiver
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Multiplexing
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Multiplexing
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Multiplexing
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Multiplexing
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3. Time Division Multiplexing(TDM): A channel gets the whole
spectrum for a certain amount of time. i.e. divide the time into
non-overlapping time slots.
A certain time slot is always dedicated for a certain user even if the
user isn't using it.
Here a channel is given the whole bandwidth for a certain
amount of time, i.e. all senders use the same frequency but at
different points in time.
Again,guard spaces, which now represent time gaps, have to
separate the different periods when the senders use the
medium/channel.
Example GSM systems
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Multiplexing
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Multiplexing
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Modulation
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Modulation: is the process of encoding information from a message source in a
manner suitable for transmission.
It involves translating a baseband message signal to a bandpass signal at
frequencies that are very high compared to the baseband frequency.
Demodulation: is the process of extracting the digital information from the
carrier.
Demodulation: is the inverse operation of modulator: i.e. extracting the baseband
message from the carrier so that it may be processed at the receiver.
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Modulation
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Analog Modulation
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1. Analog Modulation
The input is continues signal
Used in first generation mobile radio systems such as AMPS in
USA.
This Analog Modulation can be:
1. Amplitude Modulation (AM)
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Analog Modulation
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Digital Modulation
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2. Digital Modulation
The input is discrete signals.
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Digital Modulation
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Digital Modulation
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Digital Modulation
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Analog vs. Digital Communications
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2. Digital communication
Receive/generate digital signal and uses repeaters ,over long distances
to recover the patterns of 1’s and 0’s
repeaters are used to filter the noise.
Discrete
Discontinuous.
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Analog vs. Digital Communications
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Analog vs. Digital Communications
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Multiple Access Techniques
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Multiple Access Techniques
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Multiple Access Techniques
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Classification of Wireless Network
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Wireless
N etwo rk
Wir eles Wireless Wireless WANs
s LA N MAN
s
s Local
Wireless
Loops Sat ellit
Cellular Pagin g
Busin es e
PAN (Fixed Net w or k ser vic
s LA N Syst em
w ir eless e
s
) Exam ple1 :
Exam ple1 : Example1: Exam ple1 : Exam ple1 :
GSM, 9 . 6
Bluetooth LMDS GSM, 9 . 6 Exam ple1 :
802.11b Kbps,
1 Mbps, 11 Mbps, 3 7 Mbps, Kbps, FLEX,
wide
1 0 Meters 100 2 - 4 Km wide 1 . 2 Kbps
cover ag
Meters Example cover ag
e
Ot her 2: e
Other Exam ple2 :
exam ples examples: FSO
Exam ple2 : ReFLEX,
: wireless 802.11g, 1 .2 5 Example2:
3G, 2 6.4Kbps
sensor Gbp 3G, 2 Mbps,
HiperLA M bps
networks N2 s 1 - 2 KM wide
,
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coverage
wide
You are Welcome!
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