PRAYER

GOOD MORNING!
PARTS AND FUNCTION
OF EXCRETORY
SYSTEM/
URINARY SYSTEM
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
 It is an organ system that is responsible
for eliminating wastes from the body.
 It works with other system and organs
in the body. (Respiratory System,
Digestive System, Urinary System).
PARTS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM
1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra
5. Sphincter
PARTS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM

KIDNEYS
 Are bean-shaped organs that are approximately 10
cm long and 5 cm wide.
 Found near your backbone, one on each side.
 Consists of LEFT and RIGHT Kidneys.

 The main excretory organs in the body.

 Eliminate water, urea and other waste products in
the form of urine.
 The kidneys should function properly to maintain a
healthy life.
 Blood carries waste products from the different
parts of the body to the kidneys through the renal
artery, the blood vessels leading to the kidneys.
Inside the kidneys, the blood passes through
filtering units called nephrons, where impurities
are filtered out. Other substances such as water,
glucose, and other nutrients are returned to the
bloodstream through the renal veins , the blood
 PARTS OF EXCRETORY SYSTEM

URETERS
 Are the tubes approximately 45 cm long each.

 They carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

 A ring- shaped muscle around the urethra controls the flow

of urine out of the body through contraction.

BLADDER
 A pear-shaped muscular sac located in the pelvis, where
urine is temporarily stored before elimination from the body.
 It can hold more than 2 cups or 473 ML of liquid.

URETHRA
 Urine from the bladder flows to the urethra, a duct that is
approximately 20 cm long in males and 5 cm long in
females.

SPHINCTER
 A ring-shaped muscle around the urethra controls the flow
of urine out of the body through contraction.
PARTS AND
FUNCTION OF
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Is the control unit of the body.
 Integrate and coordinate bodily activities.
 It coordinates the activities and communicates
with the sense organs and the other body systems
through the wire-like nerve cells or neurons
that transmits messages passing through spinal
cord to the brain and back to the nerve cells or
neurons for the interpretation of the senses.

PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Brain
2. Spinal Cord
3. Neuron/ Nerve Cells
PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

BRAIN
o Control center of the nervous system.
o Is an amazing organ that performs
different functions such as processing
memory, judgement and reasoning.
o It interprets the meaning of what is
perceived by the sense organs.
o It controls body movement, emotions,
feelings and vital sign of life such as
breathing.

PARTS OF BRAIN

A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brain Stem or Medulla Oblongata
PARTS OF BRAIN

A. CEREBRUM
o The cerebrum is the uppermost part of the brain.
o Largest part of the brain.
o The cerebrum itself contains the major lobes of the brain.
o Responsible for receiving and giving meaning to information from the sense
organs, as well as controlling the body.

B. CEREBELLUM
o The cerebellum which is Latin for “little brain”.
o A major structure of the hindbrain that is located near the brainstem.
o It is also responsible for a number of functions including motor skills such as
balance, coordination, and posture.

C. BRAIN STEM/ MEDULLA

o A long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the
brainstem.
o It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic
(involuntary) functions, ranging from vomiting to sneezing.
PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

SPINAL CORD
 A cordlike material inside the
backbone.

FUNCTIONS OF SPINAL CORD

 It bridges impulse between the

brain and the body.
 All the signals that go to and from
the brain pass through the spinal
cord and deliver it to the right
muscles and senses.
PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

NEURO
N BASIC UNIT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
 A wire like organ that is found all over the body.

FUNCTION OF NEURON
 Main function is to deliver messages within the
nervous system and between other body system.

3 PARTS OF NEURONS
A. AXON
B. CELL BODY
C. DENDRITES

3 TYPES OF NEURONS
D. Sensory Neurons
E. Motor Neuron
F. Inter Neuron
 LEARNING TASK 1: Identify what is being described. Choose the beat answer.

1. A muscular sac where the urine is temporarily stored.

a. ureter b. kidneys c. urethra d. urinary bladder

2. The filtering unit of the kidney.

a. ureter b. urethra c. bladder d. nephron

3. The procedure by which the blood undergoes artificial filtering to remove wastes.
a. defacation b. exhalation c. hemodialysis d. urethra

4. The organ through which urine leaves your body.

a. anus b. skin c. kidney d. urethra

5. The process by which wastes generally leave your body.

a. digestion b. excretion c. respiration d. perspiration
LEARNING TASK 2: Determine if each sentence is correct or incorrect. Write C on the line if
it is correct. If it is Incorrect, encircle the word(s) that make(s) it incorrect and write the correct
word(s) on the line.

C
_____________ 1. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
C
_____________ 2. The brain is the control center of the nervous
system.
Brain Stem/ Medulla
Oblongata
_____________ 3. The brain is made up of the cerebrum,
cerebellum and spinal column.
Neuron/ Nerve Cell
_____________ 4. The nervous system is consists of the heart,
brain and spinal column.
Brain
_____________ 5. The nerves interpret the meaning of what is
perceived by the sense organs.
LEARNING TASK 4: Number the sentence from 1-5 to show the direction of the information
to reach the desired response to the given stimulus. Write the numbers on the line.

2
_____________ 1. The sensory nerves send the impulse to the brain through the
spinal cord.
1
_____________ 2. The receptors (eyes) receive the information from the environment.

_____________
5 3. The motor nerves carry the impulse to the effectors.

_____________ 4. The brain interpret the impulse.

3

_____________
4
5. The message goes back to the spinal cord to the motor nerves.
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 The respiratory system is an equally
important system of the body that we
cannot live without.

FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1. It is a system which takes charge of the

breathing process.
2. It is made up of several organs which is
responsible for gas exchange in the body.
3. The organs help for taking in oxygen
(inhale) and expelling carbon dioxide
(exhale) from the body- this process is
called respiration.
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1. NOSE
-an organ of the respiratory system found protruding
between the eyes. It is the part where the air that we inhale
enters and carries out the air that we exhale.

2. NASAL CAVITY
-part found inside the nose. Lined with mucous
membrane that helps the nose moist. Lined with hairlike
structures called cilia which helps trapped dirt entering the
nose.

3. MOUTH
- a hollow cavity that allows food and air to enter the
body.

4.THROAT / PHARYNX
-a muscular tube that runs from the back of your nose
down into your neck. The passageway of the air entering the
nasal cavity up to the esophagus and larynx.
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

5. VOICE BOX/ LARYNX

- serves as the passageways of air between the pharynx
above and trachea below. Plays an essential role in human
speech.

6. WINDPIPE/ TRACHEA
- tube that is about 4 inches long. Found just under the
larynx or voice box and the divides into 2 smaller tubes
called bronchi.

7.BRONCHIAL TUBES/ BRONCHI

- tubes which serves as the main passageway of the air
entering the lungs.

8. BRONCHIOLES
-passages that branched off from the bronchi. These are
tubes that holds the air sacs or alveoli
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

9. AIR SACS/ ALVEOLI

-tiny sacs inside the lungs. It is the part where the
exchange of gas takes place. It is part where the oxygen is
taken in and carbon dioxide is carried out.

10. LUNGS
-main part of the respiratory system.
-these are pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on
either side of the chest.

11. DIAPHRAGM
-a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest
and separates the abdomen from the chest. It contracts and
flattens when you exhale. It creates a vacuum effect that
pulls air into the lungs. It relaxes when you exhale.
LEARNING TASK 1: Match the parts of the respiratory system in COLUMN A with its description in COLUMN
B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
C
_____1. Nose A. It plays an essential role in human speech.
F
_____2. Mouth B. These are tubes that holds the airsacs.
J
_____3. Throat C. The part where air enters the body.
A
_____4. Voice box D. Contracts and relaxes when we inhale and exhale
.
G
_____5. Windpipe E. The part where the exchange of gas takes place.
I
_____6. Bronchi F. A part that allows food and air to enter the body.
B
_____7. Bronchioles G. A tube that is found under the larynx.
E
_____8. Air Sacs H. A pair of spongy, air-filled organ.
H
_____9. Lungs I. A tube that serves as the main passageway of air.
D
_____10. Diaphragm J. A tube that runs from your nose down to the neck.