LESSON 5:

TYPHOON
A SEVERE WEATHER DISTURBANCE
 DID YOU KNOW THAT THE
PHILIPPINES IS PRONE TO TROPICAL
CYCLONES?
It is because of its geographical location which generally
produce heavy rains, flooding of large areas, strong
winds which result in heavy casualties to human life, and
destructions to crops and properties.
Our country Philippines is visited by typhoons almost every
year. These typhoons are also referred to as tropical cyclones.
According to Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), there
were 13 tropical cyclones that entered the Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) in 2019.
SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA
SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA as
seen from above. At the middle is the
“eye” of the Typhoon.
It shows a satellite image that hit the
Philippines on November 8, 2013.
They are being blown by winds in a
COUNTERCLOCKWISE direction.
AIR MASSES
What is an air mass?
AIR MASS
• A large body of air often covering thousands of square
kilometers that acquires the physical characteristics
(temperature and humidity) of the surface region where it
forms.
Warm Ocean – warm and moist
Snow Area – cold and low moist
 AIR MASS
 Warm Air Mass – air mass is warmer than
the surface area over which it moves.
 Cold Air Mass – cold air mass is colder than
the surface area over which it moves.
 FRONT
•Air masses do not mix if they do not have the
same temperature and moisture content, thus
forming a weather “FRONT” or a boundary
between two air masses.
TWO TYPES OF FRONTS
WARM FRONTS COLD FRONTS
WARM FRONTS
COLD FRONTS
WEATHER
DISTURBANCES
How are weather
disturbances form?
WEATHER DISTURBANCES

•Usually associated with torrential rains,

flash floods, thunderstorms, tornadoes
and low pressure areas or cyclones.
HOW TROPICAL CYCLONE
DEVELOPS
 Most tropical cyclones form over vast ocean
areas covered by warm moist air masses like
the areas near the EQUATOR.
 At the equator, the Northeast Trade Winds and
Southeast Trade winds met forming the
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
 The twisting forces of the earth’s rotation
causes the spinning of the winds of the
cyclone.
HOW TROPICAL CYCLONE
DEVELOPS
Violence of the typhoon is due
to the tremendous energy
released as condensation occurs
continuously .
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF CYCLONES
WITH ITS CORRESPONDING WIND
SPEED
Tropical Depression (TD)- up to 61 kph
Tropical Storm (TS)- 62 to 88 kph
Severe Tropical Storm (STS)- 89 to 117 kph
Typhoon (TY)- 118 to 220 kph
Super Typhoon (STY)- exceeding 220 kph
 MOVEMENT
OF TYPHOONS
 TYPHOON WINDS
FIRST SECOND

Experienced as the typhoon Experienced when the other side of

approaches the area, characterized by the eye wall hits the area.
strong winds blowing in one direction. Characterized by strong winds
Followed by calm without rain as the again, but, this time, blowing in the
eye if the typhoon passes. opposite direction.
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE
HIGH INCEDENCE OF TYPHOONS IN
PH.1. Vast surface area of the Pacific Ocean
2. Warm waters of the tropical sea, not only the surface water but
also down to a depth of around 46 meters below the surface.
3. Location of the Philippines right along the path of typhoons
that originate from the Caroline-Marianas area.
4. Presence of monsoons
 WIND SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES

HABAGAT AMIHAN
• Southwest Monsoon or • Northeast Monsoon or
Habagat is felt strongest Amihan is felt strongest
around July to October from November to
February.
MAKING WEATHER
FORECAST
 INSTRUMENTS USED IN WEATHER
FORECASTING

Barometers
Thermometers
Sling psychrometer
Hygrograph
Rain gauge
Radiosonde
Radar