LEARNING COMPETENCY

Investigate the relationship between the

amount of force applied and the mass of
the object to the amount of change in the
object’s motion. (S8FE-la-15)
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which of the following describes a force?

A pull only B. A push only
C. A push or pull or both D. Neither a push nor a pull

2. What is the unit of force in metric system?

A. Calorie B. Joules C. Newtons D. Pounds
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
3. How do forces occur?
A. in pairs B. in triplets
C. by themselves D. as single quantity

4. When you move a chair across the floor, what force

must your push be stronger than?
A. friction B. magnetic
C. normal D. tension
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
5. A 500 N lady sits on the floor. How much force the
floor exerts on her?
A. 50 N B. 250 N
C. 500 N D. 1000 N
6. Which force always pulls the objects to the ground?
A. applied B. friction
C. gravitational D. tension
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
7. A leaf falls from a tree. What force(s) are acting on it?
A. Air resistance only
B. Gravitational force only
C. Applied force and air resistance
D. Air resistance and gravitational forces

8. When a cabinet touches the floor, which type of forces exist?

A. Contact forces B. Balanced forces
C. Non-contact forces D. Unbalanced forces
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
9. The Earth has a bigger mass than the Moon. If you were
able to travel to the Moon, what happens to your weight?
A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays the same
D. varies with day and night
PRE-ASSESSMENT
 PRE-ASSESSMENT
ANSWER
1. C 7. B
2. C 8. A
3. A 9. B
4. A 10. A
5. C
6. C
OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING PICTURES……….

A.
FORCES
Balanced and Unbalanced
Forces
 What is Balanced Forces?

Balanced forces are those forces

that are opposite in direction
and equal in size. Balanced
forces are considered to be in a
state of equilibrium.
 What is Balanced Forces?
• When forces are balanced, there is no
change in direction.

• Combined forces that are balanced are

always equal to zero (combining vectors).

• A balanced force keeps an object moving at

a constant velocity.
What is Unbalanced Forces?

Forces that can be in

opposite direction but not
equal in size.
•Always cause a change in motion
(can change speed or direction of an
object).
• When 2 unbalanced forces are
exerted in opposite directions, the
combined force is the difference
between the 2 forces.
• When 2 unbalanced forces are
exerted in the same direction, the
combined force is the sum of the 2
forces.
Free Body Diagram
◦ FBD is an
illustration that
physicists use to
analyze the forces
acting on an object.
Free Body Diagram
◦ Length of arrows are equal, which means
that normal force and gravitational force
acting on the tin can are equal. In other
words FN and Fg are balanced forces.
When forces are balanced, the object is
either at rest or in steady motion.
 Types of Forces
Forces can be divided into primarily into two types
of forces:
1. Contact Forces
2. Non-contact Forces
Contact Force
◦ is a force that is applied by objects in contact with each other.
◦ acts on a point of direct contact between the two objects.
 Types of contact force:
1. Frictional Force: Friction is a force exerted by a
surface against the motion of a body across its surface.
 Types of Contact Force
2. Applied Force: Force which is applied to an object by another
object.
Here are some examples of the applied
force.

- Pulling a bucket of water from a well

- Rotating a doorknob by human hand
- Lifting an object from the floor
- Checking the weight of the person (This
is a practice way to measure the applied
force)
- Pushing a box on a floor
 Types of Contact Force

3. Normal Force: The normal force is also called support force. force exerted
upon an object that is in contact with another fixed or stable object.
 Types of Contact Force
4. Tension force-is the force applied by a fully stretched cable or wire
anchored on to an object. This causes a ‘tension force‘ that pulls equally in
both directions and exerts equal pressure.
Types of Contact Force
5. Spring Force-it is a Force exerted by a compressed or
stretched spring is ‘spring force’. The force created could
be a push or pull depending on how the spring is attached.
Types of Contact Force
 Non-Contact Force
◦ is a force applied to an object by another body that is
not in direct contact with it.
◦ Non-contact forces come into play when objects do not
have physical contact between them or when a force is
applied without any interaction.
 Non-Contact Forces Types
1. Gravitational Force
◦ is responsible for bringing the items we toss into the air back to earth.
◦ When an object is resting on a surface it is exerting a downward force equal to
its weight, and this downward force is known as Gravitational force.
 2. Electrostatic Force
◦ The electrostatic force is very similar to the gravitational force. The
difference here is that gravitational force acts between masses and an
electrostatic force acts between two charged bodies .
 3. Magnetic Force
◦ Have you ever used a magnet? Doesn’t it feel like magic? If you ever have
two magnets, try joining their ends. In one case, the ends will attract each
other vigorously. In another case, no matter how hard you try, the ends will
never make contact.
 Various Non-Contact Force examples from our
daily life are provided below
◦ An apple falling down from a tree is one of the best examples of non-contact force.
◦ Iron pins attracted in the presence of a magnet bar without any physical contact.
◦ Falling raindrops on earth is also an example of a non-contact force.
◦ The charging of the hair and attraction of paper bits towards it.
◦ Two magnets placed close to each other are also a non-contact force example.
◦ The freefall of a ball towards earth is by virtue of gravity.
◦ Leaves falling from a tree is an example of non-contact force.
◦ Electromagnetism is another example of a non-contact force.
◦ There are various examples from electrostatics showing the attraction of small materials towards an object.
◦ When an electric current is passed through iron, converting it into an electromagnet, it attracts iron and particles
towards it, thus, displaying non-contact force properties.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT:

IDENTIFY WHAT IS BEING ASKED IN EACH

QUESTION
1. The dog’s force is?
2. What type of force is holding this
balloon to the wall?
3. What force holds the planets in
motion around the sun?
4. What is defined as a push or pull?
5. What type of force is when one object pushes
or pulls on another object by touching it?
NEWTON'S LAWS OF
MOTION
What is the
First Law
state about?
 “An object at rest remains at rest,
and an object in motion will continue
to move at constant velocity unless
acted upon by an external net or
unbalanced force.”
A common example where inertia
can be observed is when you are
on a bus. Initially, the bus is at rest.
When it starts to move, your body
has the tendency to move
backward. On the other hand, when
the bus suddenly stops, your body
has the tendency to move forward.
When the bus either starts to move
or suddenly stops, your body has
the tendency to change your state
of motion. This is because the seat
exerted unbalanced force towards
you.
REMEMBER!!!!
Mass is a measure of the inertia of an object. All
objects have the tendency to resist changes in their
state of motion or keep doing what they are doing.
However, changing a body’s state of motion depends
on its inertia. A more massive object which has more
inertia is more difficult to move from rest, slow down,
speed up, or change its direction. The greater the
mass of an object, the harder it is to move when it is at
rest, or difficult to stop when in motion.
ACTIVITY 1 - Check Me In!
Direction: Choose among the two items where inertia is
greater each number. Type your answer in our chat box.
1.________ 5 kg of Sugar_______10 kg of cotton
2. _______ bottle _______ cup
3. _______ Laptop _______ Desktop
4. _______ pushing a cabinet_______ pushing a car
5. _______ stopping a soccer ball_______ stopping a tennis
ball
What is
Second Law
of Motion?
“The acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net
force acting on it and is inversely
proportional to the object’s mass.”