Carbon

Compounds
 Carbon compounds are also called organic compounds

- Hydrocarbons are the simplest and most commonly

encountered class of organic compounds.
- Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon
and hydrogen only.

Saturated Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons that have all carbon atoms linked by single bonds.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons with at least a carbon-carbon double or triple bond
is present
Saturated Carbon Compounds
- Carbon compounds, satisfied by the single bond
between them.
Example: Ethane (C2H6)

Unsaturated Carbon Compounds

- Atoms that are only satisfied either by double or
triple bonds.
Example: Ethene (C2H4)
 General Formula of Hydrocarbons
Class of General Example
Hydrocarbon Formula
Alkane CnH2n + 2 CH4
methane
Alkene CnH2n C2H4
ethene
Alkyne CnH2n-2 C2H2
ethyne
Stems Used for the Different Parent Chain of Hydrocarbons:

Parent Chain Stem

C1 Meth -
C2 Eth -
C3 Prop-
C4 But-
C5 Pent-
C6 Hex-
C7 Hept-
C8 Oct-
C9 Non-
C10 Dec-
Nomenclature – the system of naming compounds.

A. For Hydrocarbons (alkane, alkene and alkyne)

Select the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. Refer to the
hydrocarbon name in table 21.3. This becomes the base name.
2. Add the following endings
to the base name
ane – alkane
ene – alkene
yne – alkyne
3. In alkenes and alkynes, number the chain beginning at
the end that is closer to the double or triple bond. To
indicate the position of the multiple bond, use prefix
number before the alkene or alkyne name
 4. Inbranched hydrocarbons, consider the branch as a
substituent group and name it by changing -ane to yl
(alkyl).
For alkanes, number the chain starting at the end that is
closer to the branch. To Illustrate the rule, refer to the
following example:

If identical substituents are present, use the prefixes di - , tri - ,

tetra - , etc., and indicate the numbers. Separate the numbers
with a comma. If different
substituents are present, arrange them alphabetically.
For branched alkenes and alkynes, follow rule 3 in numbering
the carbon chain.
Write the name of the following compounds.
Functional Group
a specific group of atoms or bonds
within a compound that is responsible
for the characteristic chemical
reactions of that compound.
Name the functional groups of the following formula:
 Ether – Functional Group
Group consists of an oxygen atom forming a
bridge between two different parts of a molecule.

Ethers have formula ROR.

 Aldehyde Functional Group
Made up of carbon and oxygen double
bonded together and hydrogen bonded to
the carbon.

Aldehydes have formula R- CHO.

 Ketone Functional Group
A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom
that appears as a bridge between two other parts
of a molecule.

Another name for this group is the carbonyl

functional group
https://www.slideshare.net/memijecruz/organic-chemistry-
functional-groups
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that are entirely made up of
only two kinds of atoms – carbon and hydrogen.

Types of Hydrocarbons
1.Saturated Hydrocarbons
2.Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
3.Cycloalkanes
4.Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Saturated Hydrocarbons