APPLIED MOTOR

CONTROL AND
LEARNING OF
EXERCISE, SPORTS
AND DANCE

BPED 3
WHAT IS MOTOR LEARNING?

 Motor learning is defined as the process that brings about a permanent

change in motor performance as a result of practice or experience
(Schmidt and Lee, 1999). It is a the process of acquiring a skill by which
the learner, through practice and assimilation, refines and makes
automatic the desired movement.
 An internal neurologic process that results in the ability to produce a new
motor task.
 The process by which a person learns the skills that make up the
developmental sequence and learns how to execute and control
movement, automatically and voluntarily.
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WHAT IS MOTOR LEARNING?
 Motor learning is the study of the processes involved in acquiring motor
skills and of the variables that promote or inhibit such acquisition. In
defining motor skills, we said that they are movement capacities that are
learned rather than gained through normal growth and development.
 Those factors influencing the learning of motor skills, whether through
normal daily experiences or within formal instructional settings, entail the
study of motor learning.
 Many factors influence the learning of motor skills, but it is common to
classify them into three distinct categories. These categories include the
study of (1) the learner, (2) the skill to be learned, and (3) the conditions
under which the skill is learned.
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WHAT IS MOTOR CONTROL?

 Motor control is the study of postures and movements and the mechanisms that
underlie them (Rose & Christina, 2006). Also, motor control can be defined as
the study of how an individual can execute designated motor skills through the
neuromuscular control process in response to external environmental demands
(Haywood & Getchell, 2009; Latash & Lestienne, 2006).
 Specifically, motor control deals with issues such as information processing,
attention and interferences, the mechanism of muscular coordination, sensory
contributions to motor performance, and production of movements through
neuromuscular systems. Motor control allows the nervous system to direct
what muscles should be used, in what order, and how quickly, to solve a
movement problem.
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WHAT IS MOTOR CONTROL?

 Motor control involves the study of the neural, behavioral,

environmental, and synergistic mechanisms responsible for human
movement and stability. All motor skills, regardless of the level of
skill with which they are executed, are expressions of the motor
control system. The final target of this system is the muscles and
joints responsible for executing action. Two outcomes of muscular
control are paramount to motor control—the control of movements
and the control of stability or posture.
Motor control is also the study of stability or postures.
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 MOTOR LEARNING PRINCIPLES
Motor Learning – permanent change in skill
performance
1. Principle of Interest 6. Principle of Transfer
2. Principle of Practice 7. Principle of Skill
Improvement
3. Principle of Distributed Practice 8. Principle of Feedback
4. Principle of Skills Specificity 9. Principle of Variable
Practice
5. Principle of Whole-Part Learning
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 MOTOR LEARNING PRINCIPLES
1. Principle of Interest
• It is the student's attitude toward learning a skill determines for the
most part the amount and kind of learning that takes place.
2. Principle of Practice
• Practicing the motor skill correctly is essential for learning to take
place.
3. Principle of Distributed Practice
• In general short periods of intense practice will result in more
learning than longer, massed practice sessions.
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 MOTOR LEARNING PRINCIPLES
4. Principle of Skill Specificity
•A student's ability to perform one motor skill effectively is independent of his/her
ability to perform other motor skills.
5. Principle of Whole-Part Learning
• The complexity of the skill to be learned and the leaner's ability determine
whether it is more efficient to teach the whole skill or break the skill into
component parts.
6. Principle of Transfer
• The more identical two tasks are the greater the possibility that positive transfer
will occur. Practice conditions should match the conditions in which the motor
skill is going to be used.
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 MOTOR LEARNING PRINCIPLES
7. Principle of Skill Improvement
• The development of motor skills progresses along a continuum from least
mature to most mature. The rate of progression and the amount of progress
within an individual depends upon the interaction of nature and nurture.
8. Principle of Feedback
• Internal and external sources of information about motor performance is
essential for learning to take place.
9. Principle of Variable Practice
• Block practice aids in performance while variable practice aids in learning.
Variable practice causes an increase in attention.
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!