Solving Real-Life Problems

Involving Functions
General Mathematics
 Objectives
1. represent situations as functions and
evaluate functions to determine the required
quantity
2. apply concepts learned in solving real-life
problems involving functions
3. solve problems involving functions
Part 01
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Let us take a quick tour to what you learn in the previous lesson
1. Being able to understand a problem presented is the first thing that we learn on how to
solve problems in Mathematics. Careful reading leads you to thorough analysis in the
identification of given facts and in determining the required or the unknown quantity. Precise
label of the known and unknown quantities will help you set up a direction towards the
solution.
2. A function is a rule of correspondence between two non-empty sets, such that to each
element of the first set called domain, there corresponds one and only one element of the
second set called range.
3. Functions are used to model real life situations and in representing real – life situations the
quantity of one variable depends or corresponds to or mapped onto another quantity.
4. Piece-wise function are functions that may be represented by a combination or of
equations.
5. If a function f is defined by y = f(x) and an independent variable x is found by substituting x
into the function rule then it undergoes a process of evaluating function. Moreover, you also
studied fundamental operation can be applied to two or more functions to form a new
function. Such operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
 Example

1. Write a function C that represent the cost of

buying x facemask, if a facemask cost ₱65.00
C(x) = 65x
2. A commuter pays ₱ 9.00 for a jeepney fare for the
first 5 km and an additional ₱ 0.75 for every
succeeding distance d in kilometer. Represent the
situation as function
F(d) = 9, if 0<d<5
F(d) = 9 + 0.75(d) , if d>5
 JEEPNEY OR TRICYCLE?
Read and analyze the problem below.
Miguel is a senior high school student who commutes from
home to school which is 15 km apart. There are two modes of
transportation the first one is through jeep and the other one
is through tricycle. In riding a jeepney the fare charge ₱9.00
for the first 4 km travel and ₱0.75 for each additional
kilometer. Meanwhile in riding atricycle the fare would be
₱10.00 for the first km travel and ₱1 for each additional
kilometer.
Will you help Miguel analyze his situation?
1. If you are Miguel and decided to ride in a jeepney, how much will be your fare?
_____________________________________________________________

2. If you decided to ride in a tricycle how much will be your fare? ____________
Hint: You may use the strategy in no. 2
3. What characteristics does Miguel possess if he chose to ride a jeepney?
_______________________________________________________________
4. Is there any advantage in riding a jeepney instead of tricycle? Or riding a
tricycle instead of jeepney? What would it be?
________________________________________________________________
5. If you are Miguel which between the two modes of transportation will you
choose? Why? ___________________________________________________
 Decision making is always part of our lives, from the moment we
wake- up we start to decide the proper action to undertake be it minor or
major decisions. In the problem presented one of the factors that Miguel
can use in making decision about the dilemma he is facing is the cost of
the fare in jeepney and in tricycle. If he will ride a jeepney he will only pay
₱17.25 however if he will ride a tricycle, he needs to pay ₱24.00 So it will
be more economical if he chose to ride a jeepney. However, the cost of the
fare is just one of the factors. There are times that convenience is also
considered in choosing the mode of transportation since it is not crowded
and you can reach your destination faster. Therefore, in deciding the mode
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of transportation the priority of the commuters whether to be more
economical or to meet convenience is considered.
In the previous problem we determine the cost of the fare by using a
table wherein we repeatedly add the fare charge per kilometer. Thus, this
type of problem can be solved using functions, and at this point let us
determine how we are going to do that.
 LET’S TRAVEL
A proposed Light Rail Transit System Line 1 (LRT-1) fare would charge ₱18.00
for the first four stations and ₱5.00 for each additional station over the proposed
fare.
a. Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of stations traveled
b. Find the proposed fare for 15 stations
c. Find the proposed fare for 20 stations
To solve problems that involve functions you can employ George Polya’s 4-step
rule.
 Solution
a. Explore. Since the first step involves analysis and proper labeling of the known and
unknown facts we will let x = number of stations traveled. There are also some conditions
that was set in the problem such as the cost of fare which is set up to 4 stations only thus we
can represent x – 4 = number of stations traveled over and above 4 stations
Plan. In writing an equation that will represent the relationship between the known and
unknown quantities, since we know that if we travelled up to 4 stations we must pay P18, we
can represent it as f(x) = 18 for 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 4
However, if we travelled more than 4 stations the cost of the fare have different method of
computation so we need to consider it. Since the cost of every station after the 4th station is
₱5.00 we will now obtain
f(x) = 18 + 5(x – 4)
Now simplifying the equation will lead us to:
f(x) = 18 + 5x – 20
f(x) = 5x – 2
At this point we can say that the fare function is f(x) = 5x - 2
Solve. To find the fare charge for 15 stations the
fare function f(x) = 5x -2 will be used and 15 will be
substituted to the function
f(15) = 5(15) – 2 = 73
By evaluating the function we obtained f(15) = 73
Check. To check whether we arrived at the correct
solution you can use
table or graph.
Thus. the proposed fare for 15-station travel is
₱73.00
c. f(20) = 5 (20) – 2 = 98

The proposed fare for 20 – station travel is ₱98

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 Add your title
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