Communication SYSTEM (EE-344)

Week 1
Muhammad Faisal
muhammad.faisal@riphah.edu.pk
Lecturer, FEAS
B-208
RIPHAH International University, Islamabad
Book

Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems

(3rd Edition) by B.P. Lathi
Text Book

 Introduction to Analog & Digital Communications,

2nd ed. S. Haykin and M. Moher,, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2007
Reference Book
Assessment Criteria

Particulars % Marks
1. Assignments 5%
2. Quizzes (Surprise) 5%
3. Mid-Term 30%
4. Project 10%
5. Final Exam 50%
Total:- 100
Policies:
Quizzes:

Its unlikely to have a Make-up quiz.

Make-up quiz will be given only if the student has a valid

reason for missing the quiz, and if the student notifies the
instructor as soon as possible, preferably before the quiz. If
a student misses a test and does not have a valid excuse,
the student will receive a zero for that quiz.

Note: Surprise quiz

Policies:
Assignments:

Assignments will be given at the end of every topic

and will be due one week after it has been assigned.
Late assignment will not be accepted. Assignment
should be neat and clear. Copied cases / rough
assignments will be warned once; and after second
warning no assignment will be accepted in semester.
Policies:
Other(s)

 Students are welcome all the time to get help from the Instructor.

 Tutorial will be conducted if there is any valid & specific

problem(s) to group of students.

 Late student(s) will not be allowed to enter in the class.

 No students are allowed to enter the class if they are not wearing
proper uniform.
 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AS A
Subject
Can be divided into two disciplines:

How communication system work…… ?

Signal / Fourier Analysis basic building block.

Performance in presence of noise.

Probability and random process analysis are
basic building blocks.

In order for comparison between two different communication system

one must have a strong hold on second domain mentioned above
 Communication system
Why Communication is important ….?

What is Communication system….?

 Communication system
History:
Drum beaters
Runners
Carrier Pigeons (Birds)

Limitation:
Data Rate.
Time consuming.
 Communication system
In most parts of the world, these different modes of communication
have been superseded by electrical communication systems.

Electrical communication system (signal transmissions; D/A) is more

reliable and economical.

New modes introduced : teleconferencing, teleshopping , tele-banking

etc.

Even newspaper is now being replaced by Electronic News services.

Communication Systems
Communication Systems
Block Diagram
BASIC COMPONENTS(COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM)
Source – originates a message : a human voice, television voice
etc.
Input transducer - converts data from source into electrical
form referred to as baseband signal or message signal.
Transmitter – modifies the baseband signal for efficient
transmission.
Channel – is a medium : wire, coaxial cable etc.
Receiver – Reprocess the signal received from the channel by
undoing the signal modification made at the transmitter.
Output transducer – which converts the electrical waveform
signal into message.
Destination – is the unit to which the message is communicated.
 DISTORTION VS NOISE
Distortion is caused because of different amounts of
attenuation and phase shift suffered by different
frequency components of the signal.

Distortion is directly proportional to distance

Noise is known as contamination of signal by internal

and external sources.
 DISTORTION

Linear Distortion

Non-Linear Distortion
 NOISE
External Noise:
Transmission on adjacent channels.
Human made noise.
Automobile ignition radiation.
Lightening, Solar and Electric storms. Etc

Internal Noise:
Thermal motion of electrons in conductors.
Random Emission / Diffusion. Etc.
NOISE IMMUNTIY of digital
signal
 A/D Conversion

SAMPLING THEOREM states that if highest frequency in

the signal spectrum is B(Hertz), the signal can be
reconstructed from its samples, taken at rate not less than 2B
samples per second.

QUANTITIZATION

LEVELS

PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)

A/D Conversion
Example
MODULATION

AM Modulation
Cont.…

FM Modulation
Cont.…

PM Modulation
 Reading Assignment
Topic:
“ SNR, CHANNEL BANDWIDTH & THE RATE OF
COMMUNICATION ”
Chapter No .01 ( Pg 8 -13)

Book :
Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems
(3rd Edition) by B.P. Lathi
 Chapter 2
Signal: Is a set of information or data.
System: It is an entity that
processes a set of signal
(input signals) to yield
another set of signals
(output signals).
 Size of a Signal
Signal Energy:
Real Signals Complex Signals

Signal Power:
Real Signals Complex Signals
 Question
Determine suitable measure for the signals
 Question
Determine suitable measure for the signals
 Question
Determine the power & rms value of the following
signal: