POISONING CYANIDE

?WHAT IS CYANIDE
 a cyanide (from Greek kyanos 'dark blue') is
a chemical compound that contains a C≡N 
functional group. This group, known as
the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom 
triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.[1]
HISTORY OF CYANIDE
 Cyanide has been used for centuries as a
poison.
 It was first identified in1782 by Swedish
chemist Scheele.
 The Nazis use hydrogen cyanide in the form
of Zyklon B to kill millions in their
concentration camps
 Hydrogen cyanide gas has previously been
used for pest control, which sometimes lead
to accidently death. Today, cyanide is still
used in the mining of silver and gold.
CYANIDE SOURCES:
DEADLY FORMS OF CYANIDE
 Sodium cyanide(NaCN)
 Potassium cyanide(KCN)
 Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
 CYANOGEN CHLORIDE (CNCL)
STATES OF CYANIDE IN NATURE

Liquid state Solid state

Gaseous state
EFFECTS OFofCYANIDE
Effects cyanide onON BO
:human body

blood Muscular
system

Nerves
system
EFFECT OF CYANIDE ON
:MUSCULAR SYSTEM

 To understand how cyanide works you need

to know how what ETS is.
 Inhibition of ETC

•Cyanide binds to
fe3+ in heme-
containing
protein.

•This inhibits
the terminal
cytochrome The block
lock of the
complex IV of
complex
ETC. depletes ATP
 Depilating of
ATP culminate
in cell death

Oxygen is unable to
reoxidize the
reduced cytochrome

So,
respirations
is inhibited
as well as
ATP
.production
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF
CYANIDE ON MUSCLES
 Contraction:  Relaxation:
 Cyanide decrease Cyanide increase
the contraction the relaxing time
time of a muscle of muscle
due to ATP
absence .
THE EFFECT OF CYANIDE ON
:BLOOD
 This reaction what makes cyanide so toxic to
human beings and other animals. The
cyanide ion binds to the iron that red blood
cells (heme-containing protein) use to carry
oxygen around the body, thus interfering
with the blood ability to deliver oxygen to
tissues.
EFFECT OF CYANIDE ON BLOOD
:PH
 The blood ph decreases and become more
acidic.
 Due to lack of ATP production, muscles cells
switch to an anaerobic cells due to low
oxygen and generate lactic acid(to continue
providing ATP).
 Where lactic acid flows to blood and make it
acidic.
HOW CYANIDE IS ELIMINATED
?FROM BODY
 Small doses of  Small amount of
cyanide can be cyanide can be
metabolized into converted to carbon
thiocyanate with the dioxide which leaves
assistance of the the body through
hepatic enzyme. exhalation.
Where thiocyanate is
then excreted in
urine.

In urine By exhalation
HOW CYANIDE IS DETECTED IN
?BODY
 Cyanide can be detected can be detected in
urine.
 For that, urine sample is taken from patient
to detect the presence of cyanide in body.
 This is done in a lab, where process of two –
step derivatization rxn is done on the
sample.
 CYANIDE ON THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF CYANIDE ON NS
REQUIRES UNDERSTANDING NS IN THE FIRST PLACE
CYANIDE AFFECTS THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM ON 1 LEVEL

Synapses

It deprives the
synaptic cleft from
ATP. Thus inhibiting
the action potential
 Cyanide has been long
recognized as an inhibitor
of mitochondrial electron
transport due to its binding
to the heme a3 prosthetic
group in Complex IV
(Cytochrome C oxidase
[CCOx]). The shutdown of
aerobic ATP generation is
recognized as the primary
mode of cyanide's cytotoxic
action in eukaryotes