Chapter 5

Transportation Problem
 Question No.1
Sun Ray Transport Company ships truckloads of grain from three Silos to four mills. The supply (in
truckloads) and the demand (also in truckload) together with the unit transportation costs Cij are
in hundreds of dollars per truck load on the different routes are summarized in transportation
model which is given bellow.

Destinations/Mills Supply
Sources
A B C D
/Silos
1 10 2 20 11 15
2 12 7 9 20 25
3 4 14 16 18 10
Demand
5 15 15 15
Find Optimal Solution .
 Solutions Phase 1
Find IBFS
with North West Corner Rule
Step 1 First Check Model is Balanced or not Balanced

1. Allocate as much as possible to a selected cell X 11

ly = Demand
2. Cross out the row or column with zero supply or demand (if
∑ ai = ∑bj both are satisfied at the same time, only one should be
crossed out).
a 1 + a2 + a 3 = b 1 + b 2 + b3 + b4 3. If Exactly one row or Column is left uncrossed out stop.
15 + 25 + 10 = 5 + 15 + 15 + 15 Otherwise go to step(1)

50 = 50 Mills Supply
Model is Balanced Silos A B C D
1 X11 10 X12 2 X13 20 X14 11
5 10 15 10 0
2 X21 12 X22 7 X23 9 X24 20
5 15 5 25 20 5 0
3 X31 4 X32 1 X33 16 X34 18
4
10 10 0
Demand
5 15 15 15
0 5 10
0
Z= 10x5 + 2x10 +7x5+9x15+20x5+18x10= $ 520
0 0
After determining the starting solution; use the
following algorithms to determine the optimum solution

Step1 : use the simplex optimality condition to determine the

Entering Variables as the current nonbsic variable that can
improve the solution. If the optimality condition is satisfied, stop.
Otherwise, go to step 2

Step 2: Determine the Leaving variables using the simplex

feasibility condition. Change the basis, and return to step 1.
The determination of the Entering variable is done by computing
the nonbasic coefficient in z-row , using Method of multipliers

In the method of multiplier, associate the multipliers ui and vj with

row i and column j of the transportation tableau.

These multipliers satisfy the following equations:

ui + vj = Cij, for each basic Xij

To solve these equation, the method of multipliers call for

arbitrarily setting any ui=0, and then solving for the
remaining variables
 Solution
Find Entering Variable
Demand
Source A B C D Supply
1 X11 10 X12 2 X13 20 X14 1 15
5 10 1

2 X21 12 X22 7 X23 9 X24 2 25

5 15 5 0

3 X31 4 X32 14 X33 16 X34 1 10

10 8

Demand 5 15 15 15
All Basic variable Xij Ui + Vj = Cij Solution
Let U1=0  V1=10
X11 U1 + V1= 10
We got:
X12 U1 + V2 = 2 U1=0  V2=2 U1 = 0
U2 = 5
X22 U2 + V2 = 7 V2= 2  U2= 5 U3 = 3
X23 U2 + V3 = 9 U2= 5  V3= 4
V1 = 10
X24 U2 + V4 = 20 U2= 5  V4= 15 V2 = 2
X34 U3 + V4 = 18 V4= 15  U3= 3 V3 = 4
V4 = 15
Solution
Find Entering Variable

Demand
Source A B C D Supply Use ui, vj to evaluate the nonbasic variable by
1
X11 10 X12 2 X13 20 X14 1 15 computing:
5 10 1
2
X21 12 X22 7 X23 9 X24 2 25
5 15 5 0
Ui+ vj – cij, for each nonbasic xij
3
X31 4 X32 14 X33 16 X34 1 10
10 8
Demand
U1 = 0
5 15 15 15
U2 = 5
Nonbasic Ui+Vj- cij U3 = 3
variable
U1+V3-C13 = 0+4 -20 = -16 V1 = 10
X13 = V2 = 2
X14 = U1+V4-C14 = 0+15-11 = 4 V3 = 4
V4 = 15
X21 = U2+V1-C21 =5+10-12 =3
X
X31
31 U3+V1-C31 =3+10-4 =9
U3+V2-C32 =3+2-14 = -9
X32 =
X33 = U3+V3-C33 =3+4-16 = -9
Entering Variable
 Solution
Find Leaving Variable

 Construct closed loop that start and end at Entering Variable;

 The loop consist of connected horizontal and vertical segments only.
 Except Entering Variable, each corner must coincide with basic variable.
 It must alternate between subtracting and adding (an addition to one
cell in the loop is followed by a subtraction from the next cell in the
loop)
Demand
Source
1 -5 A
10
10+
B
2 X13
C
20 X14
D
11 15

2 X21 12
5 7
15 9
5 +20 25

3 X31 4 X32
- 14 X33 16
10 18 10
+ 5 15 15 15
-
each unit shipped here will save $9
 Solution
Find Leaving Variable
Ө = X31
Leaving Variable
Ө = Min (5, 5, 10)
Ө = 5

XX1111 = 5 - Ө =5 -5 =0

X12 = 10 + Ө = 10 + 5 = 15

X22 = 5 - Ө =5 -5 =0
X24 = 5 + Ө =5 +5 = 10

X34 = 10 + Ө = 10 - 5 =5
 Destinations/ Mills
Source/Sil A B C D
Supply New Iteration
os

15
1 X11 X13 20 X14 11
15
10 2

0 15 10 25
2 X21 12 7 9 20
We got:
U1 = 0
10
3
5
X32 14 X33 16
5
4 18
U2 = 5
U3 = 3

V1 = 1
5 15 15 15
Demand
V2 = 2
V3 = 4
V4 = 15
Basic
variable Xij ui + vj = Cij
X12 = U1 + V2 = 2 Set U1=0  V2=2
Z=4*5+2*15+7* X22 = U2 + V2 = 7 V2= 2  U2= 5
0+9*15+20*10+1 X23 = U2 + V3 = 9
U2= 5  V3= 4
8*5 X24 = U2 + V4 = 20
U2= 5  V4= 15
X34 = U3 + V4 = 18 V4= 15  U3= 3
=$475 X31 = U3 + V1= 4 U3= 3  V1= 1
Solution
Non basic Variable

Demand
Source A B C D Supply
1 X11 10
15
2 X13 20 X14 11
15
2 X21 12
0
7
15
9
10
20
25
3
5
4 X32 14 X33 16
5
18
10
Demand
5 15 15 15
Nonbasic variable
Ui+Vj- cij
X11 U1+V1-C11=0+1-10= -9
X13 U1+V3-C13= 0+4 -20= -16
X14 U1+V4-C14= 0+15-11= 4
X21 U2+V1-C21=5+1-12= -6
X32 U3+V2-C32=3+2-14= -9
X33 U3+V3-C33=3+4-16= -9
 $520, $475 and now $435
 EV is
Basic X11 X12 X13 X14 X21 X22 X23 X24 X31 X32 X33 X34

Z -9 0 -16 4 -6 0 0 0 0 -9 -9 0

 closed loop
Demand
Source A B C D
1 X11 X12 15 X13 X14 15
If we add 10 unit to
10 2 20 11 X14, it must subtract a 10
2 X21 X22 0 X23 15 X24 10 25 unit from X24 (leaving
12 7 9 20
3 X31 5 X32 X33 X34 5 10 0); add it back to X22
4 14 16 18 (giving 10), and subtract
5 15 15 15 it from X12 (leaving 5;

X24 reach zero, so it leaves the solution

The new cost is 475- 40= $435

Solution
Find Leaving Variable

Ө = X14
Ө = Min ( 10,15)
Ө = 10
X24 = 10 - Ө = 10 – 10 = 0
X22 = 0 + Ө = 0 + 10 = 10
X12 = 15 - Ө = 15 – 10 = 5

X14= 0+ Ө = 0 + 10 = 10
 Basic Variable
 The next transportation tableau is
Demand
Source A B C D Supply
1 X11 10
5
2 X13 20
10
11
15
2 X21 12
10
7
15
9 X24 20
25
5 5 10
3 4 X32 14 X33 16 18

Demand
5 15 15 15

Basic variable (u,v) Equation Solution

X12 U1 + V2 = 2 Set U1=0  V2=2
X14 U1 + V4 = 11 U1= 0  V4 = 11
X22 U2 + V2 = 7 V2= 2  U2= 5
X23 U2 + V3 = 9 U2= 5  V3= 4
X34 U3 + V4= 18 V4= 11 U3= 7
X31 U3 + V1= 4 U3= 7  V1= -3
 Non Basic Variable
Demand
Source A B C D Supply

5 10 15
1 X11 10 2 X13 20 11

10 15 25
2 X21 12 7 9 X24 20

5 5 10
3 4 X32 14 X33 16 18

Demand
5 15 15 15
Nonbasic variable Ui+Vj- cij
X11 U1+V1-C11=0-3-10= -13
X13 U1+V3-C13= 0+4 -20= -16
X21 U2+V1-C21=5-3-12= -10
X32 U3+V2-C32=7+2-14= -5
X33 U3+V3-C33=7+4-16= -5
X24 U2+V4-C24=5+11-20=-4
 Result
Basic X11 X12 X13 X14 X21 X22 X23 X24 X31 X32 X33 X34

Z -13 0 -16 0 -10 0 0 -4 0 -5 -5 0

Since no positive , the optimal solution is

From Silo To mill Number truckload
1 2 5
1 4 10
2 2 10
2 3 15
3 1 5
3 4 5
Optimal cost is $435