Single and three phase

transformer
Ahmed el kassar 20102877
Single phase
What is a single-phase transformer?
A single-phase transformer operates on single-
phase power and has two parts - the magnetic
and the electric parts. The magnetic transformer
part consists of a magnetic iron core, while the
electric part consists of a copper transformer.
Three phase
• A three-phase transformer is made of
three sets of primary and secondary
windings, each set wound around one
leg of an iron core assembly. Essentially
it looks like three single-phase
transformers sharing a joined core as in
Figure below. Three phase transformer
core has three sets of windings
Differences between single-phase and three-
phase transformers
• if a single-phase transformer carries 230V, a three-phase transformer
carries 415V.
• A single-phase transformer uses a simple network, while a three-
phase transformer uses a complicated network.
• A power failure occurs in single-phase transformers, while there is no
power failure in three-phase transformers. Vibrations are significantly
reduced in three-phase motors since power distributes uniformly
throughout the cycle.
• Single-phase transformers are used for home appliances, while three-
phase transformers run a heavy load.
operation
Single phase
• By altering the number of windings on the
primary and secondary, we can alter the
number of volts and amps between the
source and the load.
• The current in the secondary coil always
changes by the inverse of the ratio by which
the voltage changes.
• If the voltage is raised to n times its original
value by the transformer, the current in the
secondary coil will be reduced to one-nth the
value of the current in the primary coil.
Three phase
The primary winding of the three phase
transformer is energized from a three phase
supply. Then, the flux is produced in the core
by the primary currents in the three windings.
The core has three limbs, where any two limbs
act as return path for the flux in the third limb.
The flux produced by the primary windings
induces emf in the secondary windings
depending on the transformation ratio of the
3-phase transformer.
3-Phase Transformer Transformation ratio
In case of a three phase transformer, the
transformation ratio is defined as the ratio of
the secondary phase voltage to the primary
phase voltage and is denoted by K.
Application

• Single phase •Three phase

•Applications that require step up/step
• Decrease voltage in localized power down of transmission lines
distribution •Electrical grid station power generation

• Regulation of voltage in television

sets
• Used in lighting and heating devices
• Used in areas where the demand for
electricity is low, such as rural areas
• Increasing voltage in home inverters
Equivalent circuit