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Decision Making Process
Decision Making Process
Decision Making
Study questions. How are decisions made in organizations? What are the useful decision making models? How do intuition, judgment, and creativity affect decision making? How can the decision-making process be managed? How do technology, culture, and ethics influence decision making?
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may not be followed where substantial change occurs and many new technologies prevail. Novel decision techniques may yield superior performance in certain situations. Ethical consequences of decision making must be considered.
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certainty regarding the outcomes of various courses of action, but they can assign probabilities of occurrence.
Probabilities can be assigned through
definitions.
anarchy.
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Nonprogrammed decisions.
Involve nonroutine problems that require solutions
The behavioral decision maker: Faces a problem that is not clearly defined. Has limited knowledge of possible action alternatives and their consequences. Chooses a satisfactory alternative.
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be more appropriate. In dynamic settings, the garbage model may be more appropriate.
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and uncertainty.
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limited information.
Can lead to systematic errors that affect the
making.
Confirmation trap. The tendency to seek confirmation for what is already thought to be true and to not search for disconfirming information. Hindsight trap. The tendency to overestimate the degree to which an event that has already taken place could have been predicted.
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organization?
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Consultative decisions.
Made by one individual after seeking input from group
members.
Group decisions.
Made by all members of the group.
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framework.
Decision-making method used should fit the problem. In choosing among individual, consultative, or group
escalating commitments
Escalating commitment reflects the
continuation and renewed efforts on a previously chosen course of action even when feedback suggests that it is failing. Eliminating escalating commitment requires self-discipline to admit mistakes and change direction.
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human beings.
Will allow computers to displace many decision makers.
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making cont.
Fuzzy logic and neural networks that reason
teamwork.
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making cont.
Information technology does not deal with
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or not to do something that, although personally or organizationally beneficial, may be considered unethical and perhaps illegal.
Ethical dilemmas are often associated with: Risk and uncertainty. Nonroutine problem situations.
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decisions. Estimating the impacts of decision alternatives. Selecting an alternative for implementation.
fact embarrassment.
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