Ocean Energy Conversion

describes all forms of renewable energy derived from the sea wave energy tidal energy ocean current energy salinity gradient energy ocean thermal gradient energy

Ocean Energy Conversion

Tides 0 . 03 TW Wave 1 to 10 TW Marine Current 5 . 0 TW Salinity 2 . 6 TW Thermal Gradient - 2 . 0 TW
Only 0.1% of the total energy possessed by the ocean

TIDES
The relative motions of the moon , earth and sun allows the ocean surface to be raised and lowered in an equal time intervals based on the number of interacting cycles . caused by the rotation of the earth within the gravitational fields of the moon and the sun

TIDES
Half - Day Cycle

Caused by the gravitational field of the moon Results to a period of 12 hours and 25 minutes between successive high waters
14 - Day Cycle

Caused by the superposition of the gravitational fields of the moon and the sun

TIDAL ENERGY

-Tidal energy is energy that could be obtained from the changing sea levels. In other words, tidal energy is a direct result of tide shifting from low to high.

TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION

vsimilar to a conventional hydroelectric power plant vinvolves a dam across an estuary vtidal range above 5 meters . vinvolves the use of prefabricated caissons , made of concrete and steel vGenerates power through turbogenerators or sluices

TIDAL ENERGY CONVERSION

Ebb generation
from the basin to the sea

Flood generation
from the sea to the basin

Two - way generation

from sea to basin, from basin to sea

*VIDEO 1

WAVES

caused by the wind blowing over the surface of the ocean

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Includes technologies, existing and experimental, that harvest energy from ocean/sea waves

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Attenuators
vlong multisegment floating structures vmove parallel to the direction of the waves vThe variation of heights of the waves causes motion to the length of the device

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

The PELAMIS WEC *video 2

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Overtopping devices
v Reservoirs are created to collect the waters brought by incoming waves v The force of gravity pushes the water down a funnel v The flow of this water going back to the ocean will cause a torque of the turbine which is coupled to an electric generator

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Overtopping WEC

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Buoy type
v harnesses wave energy from all directions

at a fixed position

v Ideal locations would be at areas where wave heights are high v a sealed tube with a cavity filled either with air or water v The cavity decompresses or compresses relative to the wave s height

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Buoy type WEC

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Oscillating water column device
voperates in the same way as the wind turbine v v A closed chamber is placed just close to the shore where great waves could reach v v the difference in the height of water inside the chamber brought about by the incoming wave causes the air pressure to vary v v A turbine is placed on top of the chamber which is its only opening

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

*video 3

Oscillating Water Column Device

TIDAL CURRENT

tides

The movement of the seawater

caused by

CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION

v Harvests in the same way as a wind turbine does v v This is through the use of open - flow rotors As the current strike the rotor blade , it rotate .

drives the rotor to

CURRENT ENERGY CONVERSION

Hydro ocean current generator * video 4

OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT ENERGY

Generated by the difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surfaceocean waters

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

vmakes use of ocean s natural thermal gradient v v The difference in the temperature drives a power - producing cycle v v At normal conditions , the surface and bottom water are separated by about 20 C ( 36 F ) v v Ideal in tropical coastal areas , roughly along the equator

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

Open - Cycle OTEC

v utilize the surface water to rotate the turbine v v heat exchanger system is used where the surface water is placed on a low-pressure container v v Steam generated rotates the turbine

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

Open Cycle OTEC

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

Closed Cycle OTEC
v Instead of water , fluids with lower boiling points like ammonia are used to produce steam v v The temperature of the surface water is enough to vaporize the low - boiling - point fluid v v The water on the ocean floor is used to condense vapor

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

CLOSED CYCLE OTEC

Hybrid OTEC

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

surface water is flash evaporated to boil the low - boiling point fluid

* video

SALINITY GRADIENT
when a freshwater from streams and rivers mixes with the saltwater from the sea

SALINITY GRADIENT ENERGY CONVERSION

Reversed electrodialysis
Fresh water and salt solution are stacked into alternating cathode and anode exchange membranes The difference in the ion concentration of the freshwater and seawater produces chemical potential difference over each membrane

Reversed electrodialysis

SALINITY GRADIENT ENERGY CONVERSION

Pressure Retarded Osmosis

energy from the pressure difference between seawater and freshwater Seawater is collected into a pressure chamber A semi permeable membrane is used to let the fresh water move and eventually increase the volume in the chamber

Pressure retarded osmosis

Ocean Energy in the Philippines

10-megawatt Cabangan ocean energy thermal conversion (Otec) project in Zambales 100-megawatt (MW) ocean thermal energy resource potential in San Jose, Antique theoretical capacity of 170,000 megawatts over a 1,000 square kilometer ocean resource area Laoag, Zambales, Mindoro, Isabela, Panay, Negros and parts of Mindanao Camarines, Northeastern Samar, Surigao, Batan Island, Catanduanes, Tacloban, San Bernardino Strait, Babuyan Island, Ilocos Norte, Siargao Island and Davao Oriental. existing study on tidal current systems in the Hinatuan Passage in Surigao and San Bernardino Strait Philippines 22-24 1 (

The Philippines is one of the premier locations within the world for our technology due to the extreme thermal difference between the warm surface water and the deeper cold water and we have a deep shelf here in the Philippines, We feel that the oceans here are the oil of the Philippines and so we hope to locate them to help reduce the cost of energy and thats our goal over the next several years.

Derek Murray, VP of the parent company Deep Ocean Power Inc.