FUNDAMENTALS OF

DRAWING
PROF. ERA ESPINAS
INTRODUCTI
 WHAT IS DRAWING?
Drawing is a form of visual art
that makes use of any number
of drawing instruments to mark
a two-dimensional medium.
 Usually, the mark-
making device is a
pencil and the flat
surface is a sheet of
paper.
 Usually, the mark-
making device is a
pencil and the flat
surface is a sheet of
paper.
 WHY
LEARN
DRAWING
?
 Learning to draw is
considered fundamental to
learning to produce other
forms of visual art.
 A sketch is frequently the
first step in producing new
artwork.
  Drawing is also popular because
the necessary materials are cheap
and widely available and because
the drawing process is fast, direct,
and can be done almost
anywhere. 
  Drawing is also popular because
the necessary materials are cheap
and widely available and because
the drawing process is fast, direct,
and can be done almost
anywhere. 
DRAWING
TOOLS
PENCIL
GRAPHITE PENCIL
On one side of the scale is "9H", the
hardest grade of pencil.
On the other side of the scale is "9B", the
softest ("blackest") grade of pencil.
 In the middle of the scale is the "HB"
pencil, which corresponds to the standard
"number two" pencil.
 HARD LEAD QUALITIES
• Capable of very light strokes.
• Stays sharp longer.
• More likely to tear through paper.
• Brittle -- tends to break under
pressure.
 SOFT LEAD QUALITIES
• Gives the darkest strokes.
• Dulls quickly.
• Soft -- tends to crumble under
pressure.
OTHER TYPES
OF PENCIL
MECHANICAL PENCILS
COLORED PENCILS
GREASE PENCILS
 PENCIL
Origination of the word “Pencil”
• from French: “pincel”, which means
“a small paintbrush”
• From Latin: “penicillus” a "little tail“
OTHER MATERIALS
USED IN DRAWING
 DRY WET
MEDIA MEDIA
CHARCOAL DIP PENS
CHALKS MARKERS
CRAYONS BRUSHES
PASTELS INKS
 PAPER
Modern day paper is a thin material produced
by pressing together moist fibers, typically
cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or
grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.

The precursor to modern paper dates back to

2nd century BC in China.
 ERASER
An eraser is an article of stationery that
is used for removing pencil markings.
Typical erasers are made from synthetic
rubber, but more expensive or
specialized erasers are vinyl, plastic, or
gum-like materials.
 SMUDGING TOOLS
Smudging tools are used to
move pigment around on the
drawing surface, blending or
smearing it
 SMUDGING TOOLS
The simplest smudging tool is
the finger, although care
should be used not to
damage the artwork with the
oils from hands.
GRIPPING THE PENCIL
Gripping the Pencil
Scribe Grip
• The “scribe’s grip” that feels natural
for most people is surely the worst
grip for drawing: writing and drawing
are fundamentally different
activities.
• Writing is done with minute motions
of the hand and fingers, with the
elbow fixed
• Drawing is done with broad
movement of the whole arm, from
hand to shoulder-blade
Gripping the Pencil
Pen Grip
• Hold the pencil like you would hold
the writing pen, but much further
from the tip
• This grip is good for detailing, and
for small-size sketching
• It is also the grip Wacom tablets
are designed for
Gripping the Pencil
Violin bow grip
• Hold the pencil with the thumb against
all four fingers. This removes most
control from the fingers, and
emphasizes the wrist and especially the
arm at elbow and shoulder.
• This grip is the preferable basic drawing
grip.
• it produces flowing, economical
sweeping line and is ideal for rough
sketching, hatching and tonal work with
the side of lead.
 Gripping the Pencil

Gesture grips and variations

• Between the “pen” and the “violin bow”, there is any number
of intermediate grips, suitable mostly for gesture drawing with
varying paper size and motion range.
• Usually, the smaller the page or detail, the closer the grip will
be to the “pen”.
 Gripping the Pencil

Brush Grip
• Sometimes a brush grip is used for detail work — it is the pencil held
like a brush, in a pen grip with index finger resting along the shaft.
• It offers more motion freedom than the pen grip and works with or
without elbow support, but when used with a pencil it also takes
away some fine control.
• It is fairly good for holding the Wacom stylus, too.