Encounter Frequency

• Free oscillation without damping – solution

• Free oscillation with damping – solution
• Forced oscillation of a damped system
Free oscillation with damping – solution
Forced oscillation with damping
Added Mass and Damping
Added Mass and Damping

ma'= CrpBn2/8 for section

ma= 0.5rp Cy(x) 2dx

Added Mass and Damping
Added Mass and Damping

ca’=bnr( g)2/we3 for section

ca= ca’(x) dx

Evaluation of reasonable damping at

around the peak response is very
important. It also affects the phase angle.
Added Mass and Damping
Measurement of added mass and damping- PMM.
Added Mass and Damping
• Distortion of Re in model:
• Re (p)= l3/2 Re (m)
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
Objective is to quantify the
effect of body on the wave.

  0  s

Fluid motion is governed by Laplace

equation and associated BC.

Dr.K.Murali
18
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory

  0  s Incident potential is given by Airy wave

theory.

Scattered potential is given by the BVP

involving BODY and FAR FIELD.
Laplace equation and associated BC.
2 2 2
       
1   
2
  
2
   
2
 2  2  2  2  0  g            0
x y z t 2  x   y   z  

     
   0 on y = 
t x x z z y


0 at y = -d
y

Dr.K.Murali
19
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
The foregoing BC are routine to water wave theory.
Additional BC are needed to include the effect of shape
and size of the body.

 0 s
0
or 
n n n

Further, the scattered wave is not expected to return to

the structure. Hence, one more BC at far field is required
to be satisfied.
  
lim R   i   s  0
R 
 R 
Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
In the generalised form,

 
   and
n
n     nn
n 1 n 1

with

kH

2

Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
Since,   x, y, z , t     x, z ,  x, z , t  , t 

Expending the variables with y=0,

   1 2   2 
  x, z , , t     x, z , 0, t         2   ....
 y  y o 2  y  y o
Substituting for variables and retaining terms up to order
2, for second order theory,

  1  
  x, z , , t   1  x, z , 0, t    2  1  2
 
  y  y 0 

Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
Thus, the BC become

1  2  1  1  1   1   1   

2 2 2
 
  g1      g2   2  1           0
 t   t  t  2  x   y   z   


              
  1  1    2  2  1 1  1 1   2  1 1    0 at y = 0
 t y   t x x z z y  y  

Thus the first and second order problems may be defined

using terms corresponding to e and e2.

Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
The first order problem becomes,

 21  0
 21 1
2
g 0 at y = 0
t y

1 at y= -d
0
y
and

1   
lim R   ik  s1  0
n& R 
 R 
Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
The second order problem becomes,

 22  0

  1   1   1  


2 2 2 2 2
 2 
2 1 1   1 1 
2
g   2 g         0 at y = 0
t y g t y  t y  t  x   y   z  

2
0 at y= -d
y

and

2   
& lim R   i  s 2  0
n R 
 R 

Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory
The pressure due to second order solution may be estimated as,

 1 
     p    n pn
2
p
t 2 n 1

and

1 2 1
  1 
2
p1   p2  
t t 2

Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
 HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING

Diffraction Theory

Diffraction calc.

Numerical Analytical

McCamy & Fuch

Inviscid model Viscous model
theory for large
BIEM, BEM and FEM RANS model vertical cyl.

Dr.K.Murali
Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras.
Computational Methods
Computational Methods