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    Java applets allow Java programs to run within web browsers. When a web page containing an applet tag is loaded, the applet code is downloaded and executed on the client side. Applets override lifecycle methods like init(), start(), paint(), and stop() to control their behavior. They can use built-in graphics methods to draw on the screen but are subject to security restrictions within the browser environment.

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    Applet I[2147]

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    Java applets allow Java programs to run within web browsers. When a web page containing an applet tag is loaded, the applet code is downloaded and executed on the client side. Applets override lifecycle methods like init(), start(), paint(), and stop() to control their behavior. They can use built-in graphics methods to draw on the screen but are subject to security restrictions within the browser environment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    17 views14 pages

    Applet I (2147)

    Uploaded by

    swati
    Java applets allow Java programs to run within web browsers. When a web page containing an applet tag is loaded, the applet code is downloaded and executed on the client side. Applets override lifecycle methods like init(), start(), paint(), and stop() to control their behavior. They can use built-in graphics methods to draw on the screen but are subject to security restrictions within the browser environment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Java applets

    Kuldeep Yogi
    Introduction
    Java applets are one of three kinds of
    Java programs:
    – An application is a standalone program that
    can be invoked from the command line.
    – An applet is a program that runs in the
    context of a browser session.
    – A servlet is a program that is invoked on
    demand on a server program and that runs in
    the context of a web server process.
    Applets, web page, client, server
    • Applets are programs stored on a web server, similar to web
    pages.
    • When an applet is referred to in a web page that has been
    fetched and processed by a browser, the browser generates a
    request to fetch (or download) the applet program, then
    executes the program in the browser’s execution context, on
    the client host.
    s e r ve r ho s t
    br o w s e r ho s t
    we b s e rv e r
    bro ws e r
    re qe u s t fo r
    m y W e bPa g e .h tm l

    m y W e bPa g e .h tm l
    m y W e bPa g e .h tm l He llo W o rld.cla s s
    ... re qu e s t fo r
    < a pple t co de = H e llo W o rld.cla s s < /a pple t> He llo W o rldcla s s
    ...
    He llo W o rld.cla s s He llo W o rld.cla s s
    Applet Execution - 1
    • An applet program is written as a subclass of
    the java.Applet class or the
    javax.swing.Japplet class. There is no main
    method: you must override the start method.
    Applet objects uses AWT for graphics.
    JApplet uses SWING.
    • It is a Graphics object that runs in a Thread
    object, so every applet can perform graphics,
    and runs in parallel to the browser process.
    Applet Execution
    • When the applet is loaded, these methods are automatically
    invoked in order:
    – the init( ) method is invoked by the Java Virtual Machine.
    – The start( ) method
    – The paint( ) method.
    • The applet is now running and rendered on the web page.
    • You program the start( ) method and the paint( ) method for
    your application, and invoke a repaint() call to re-render the
    graphics, if necessary.
    • At the end of the execution, the stop( ) method is invoked,
    followed by the destroy( ) method to deallocate the applet’s
    resources.
    HTML tags for applets - 1
    <APPLET specifies the beginning of the HTML applet code

    CODE="demoxx.class" is the actual name of the applet


    (usually a 'class' file)
    CODEBASE="demos/" is the location of the applet (relative as
    here, or a full URL)
    NAME="smily" the name you want to give to this instance of
    the applet on this page
    WIDTH="100" the physical width of the applet on your page
    HEIGHT="50"  the physical height of the applet on your page
    ALIGN="Top" where to align the applet within its page space
    (top, bottom, center)
    HTML tags for applets - 2
    <PARAM  specifies a parameter that can be passed to the applet
    NAME=“name1" the name known internally by the applet in order
    to receive this parameter
    VALUE="000000" the value you want to pass for this parameter
    > end of this parameter
    <PARAM  specifies a parameter that can be passed to the applet
    (applet specific)
    NAME=“name2" the name known internally by the applet in order
    to receive this parameter
    VALUE="ffffff" the value you want to pass for this parameter
    > end of this parameter

    </APPLET> specifies the end of the HTML applet code


    The HelloWorld Applet
    <HTML> public void paint(Graphics g){
    <BODY>
    <APPLET code=hello.class width=900 height=300> final int FONT_SIZE = 42;
    </APPLET> Font font = new Font("Serif",
    </BODY>
    Font.BOLD, FONT_SIZE);
    </HTML>

    // applet to display a message in a window // set font, and color and display
    import java.awt.*; message on
    import java.applet.*; // the screen at position 250,150
    g.setFont(font);
    public class hello extends Applet{
    g.setColor(Color.blue);
    public void init( ){
    setBackground(Color.yellow); // The message in the next line
    } is the one you will see
    g.drawString("Hello,
    world!",250,150);
    }
    }
    Painting

    public void paint (Graphics g) {


    // Draw string at specified x,y coordinates
    g.drawString ("Hello, IS Society!", 100, 100);
    }
    • The applet object includes a built-in function (or
    method) for painting to the screen.
    • Here, we use the drawString() method for displaying
    a string.
    • To use drawString(), we specify a string, and x,y
    coordinates.
    Setting Fonts and Colors
    g.setFont (new Font ("Helvetica", Font.BOLD, 18));
    g.setColor (Color.blue);
    • Java includes two more built-in methods:
    – setFont() for setting a specific font face, type, and size.
    – setColor() for setting a specific color
    • Java includes six built-in fonts:
    – Helvetica
    – TimesRoman
    – Courier
    – Dialog
    – DialogInput
    – ZapfDingbats
    Built-in Graphics Functions
    • The Java Graphics Objects includes dozens of
    drawing functions:
    – drawLine(int x,int y,int x1,int y1)
    – drawOval(int x,int y,int width,int height)
    – drawPolygon(int[] xPoint,int[] yPoint, int nPoint)
    – drawRect(int x,int y,int width,int height)
    – draw3DRect(int x,int y,int width,int height, boolean
    raised)
    – fillOval()
    – fillRect()
    Advanced Applets
    • You can use threads in an applet – embedding threads in Applets.
    • You can make socket calls in an applet, subject to the security
    constraints.

    Se r ve r ho s t C l i e nt ho st
    H TTP s e rv e r bro ws e r

    ap p le t d o w n lo ad
    s e r v er Y allo w e d
    c o n n ec tio n r eq u e s t a pple t

    f o r b id d en
    H ost X
    c o n n e c tio n r eq u e s t
    s e r v er Z
    Proxy server
    A proxy server can be used to circumvent the security
    constraints.
    Se r ve r ho s t C l i e nt ho s t
    H TTP s e rv e r bro ws e r

    ap p let d o w n lo ad
    s er v e r Y
    c o n n ec tio n r eq u es t a pple t

    H ost X
    c o n n ec tio n r eq u es t
    s e r v er Z
    Summary
    • An applet is a Java class
    • Its code is downloaded from a web server
    • It is run in the browser’s environment on the client host
    • It is invoked by a browser when it scans a web page
    and encounters a class specified with the APPLET tag
    • For security reason, the execution of an applet is
    normally subject to restrictions:
    – applets cannot access files in the file system on the client
    host
    – Applets cannot make network connection exception to the
    server host from which it originated

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