PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION,

MONITORING AND EVLAUATION

CHAPTER-5
 5.1 Project Implementation
• Implementation of a project is another critical
stage in the project’s life cycle.
• A project that is deemed to be sound at the
appraisal stage qualifies for implementation.
• Flexibility is required at this stage to enable
the successful execution of the project.
• The objective of any effort in project planning
and analysis clearly is to have a project that
can be implemented to the benefit of the
society.
• Thus, implementation is perhaps the most
important part of the project cycle.
• Implementation or project execution refers to
the development/construction activities up to
the point at which the project becomes fully
operational.
• Project analysts generally divide the
implementation phase into three different
time periods(phases).
1. The first is the investment period, when the
major project investments are undertaken.
2. The second phase is development phase and
3. The third phase is operation phase
• Executing consists of the processes used to
complete the work defined in the project
management plan to accomplish the project's
requirements.
• Execution process involves coordinating
people and resources, as well as integrating
and performing the activities of the project in
accordance with the project management
plan.
Areas of project implementation planning

• An adequate and comprehensive project

implementation planning usually covers the following
aspects:
• Planning the project work:
• Planning the manpower and organization:
• Planning the financial resources:
• Planning the information system: The
information required for monitoring the project
must be defined.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• The Work Breakdown represents a systematic and
logical breakdown of the project into its component
parts.
• It is constructed by dividing the project into its major
parts, with each of these being further divided into
sub-parts
• Thus the WBS helps in:
• Effective planning by dividing the work into
manageable elements which can be planned,
budgeted, and controlled

• Assignment of responsibility for work elements to

project personnel and outside agencies

• Development of control and information system

Stages of Project Implementation
The important stages of project implementation
planning include:
Project development and preliminary engineering
Bidding and contract negotiation
Engineering design
Purchase and procurement
Construction
Commissioning
 Pre –requisites for successful
implementation
• time and cost over-runs of projects are very common
in developing countries, particularly in the public
sector. Due to THIS projects tend to become
– uneconomical,
– resources are not available to support other
projects, and
– economic development is adversely affected.
What can be done to minimize time and cost over-
run?
 Lots can be done ……
• Adequate formulation
• Sound project organization.
• Proper implementation planning
• Advance action
• Timely availability of funds
• Careful equipments tendering and procurement
• Better contract management
• Effective monitoring
 Project Monitoring & Evaluation
• Project is any scheme, or part of a scheme, for
investing resources which can be reasonably
analysed and evaluated as an independent
unit.
• While the project is being carried out,
continuous monitoring is required to satisfy
project implementers that things are
proceeding according to plan.
• Monitoring typically requires the putting in
place of a systematic information gathering and
management system that can check the
progress of the project according to the plans
drawn up and objectives laid out.
• Project evaluation is a systematic and objective
assessment of an ongoing or completed project.
• The aim is to determine the relevance and level
of achievement of project objectives,
development effectiveness, efficiency, impact
and sustainability.
• Evaluations also feed lessons learned into the
decision-making process of the project
stakeholders, including donors and national
partners.
• Project Evaluation is the final phase in the
project cycle and involves a step-by-step
process of collecting, recording and organizing
information about project results, including
short-term outputs and immediate and longer-
term project outcomes (changes in behavior,
practice or policy resulting from the project).  
 Why is Project Evaluation important?

• Evaluating project results is helpful in

providing answers to key questions like:  
• What progress has been made?
• Were the desired outcomes achieved?  Why?
• Are there ways that project activities can be
refined to achieve better outcomes?
• Do the project results justify the project
inputs? 
 Project Evaluation
& Appraisal
• Project evaluation and appraisal are often
referred to together as project assessment.
Though appraisal and evaluation deal with
similar issues, They have a different purpose
and are performed in completely different
phases of a project.
• Project appraisal is concerned with assessing,
in advance, whether a project is worthwhile
and therefore if it should be proceeded with.
• Appraisal is done before, and as such is a
predictive/prospective action. It is related to
defining objectives, ways to reach them, risks
involved and estimation of costs/benefits of
each available option.
• Project evaluation is done after, and involves
analysis of the past and looking at what was
done and means to improve it. 
Two kinds of evaluation occur in projects.

• Formative evaluation happens throughout the

project life cycle and provides information to guide
corrective action.
– It asks the questions “What is happening?” and “How is
the project proceeding?”
• Summative evaluation occurs after the project is
completed and focuses on the end product or result.
– Summary evaluation is designed to appraise the project
after completion.
– It addresses the questions “What happened?” and “What
were the results?”