THE TEACHING

PROFESSIONS
 THE TEACHER AND THE
SOCIETY
Philosophical Background
• Teachers are heirs to rich philosophical heritage. Passed
on to us are a member of philosophies of various thinkers
who lived before us. These thinkers reflected on life in this
planet. They occupied themselves searching for answers
to questions about human existence.
Five Philosophies of Education
• Essentialism: Main proponent: William Bagley
• Progressivism: “Education is not a preparation for life”
Main proponent: John Dewey
• Perennialism: Main proponent: Robert Hutchins
• Existentialism: “Existence precedes essence” Main
proponent: Jean Paul Sartre
• Behaviorism: Main proponet: John Watson
Moral Principles of Teachers
• Morality refers to the quality of the human acts by which we call
them right or wrong, good or evil
• “Do good and avoid evil” (Fundamental Moral Principle)
• “Do not do unto others what you do not like others do to you”
(Confucius)
• “Act in such a way that your rule can be the principle of all”
(Immanuel Kant)
• Eight Fold Path (Buddhists)
• Koran and Five Pillars (Muslim)
• Ten Commandments and Beatitudes (Christian)
• As teachers, we are expected to be a person of good moral
character as exemplified by being 1. human, 2. loving, 3.
virtuous, and, 4. mature
Teachers’ Values Formation
• Values are taught and caught
• Values have cognitive, affective and behavioral
dimensions
• Value formation includes formation in the cognitive,
affective and behavioral aspects
• Value formation is a training of the intellect and will
Max Scheler’s Hierarchy of Values

• Pleasure values
• Vital Values
• Spiritual Values
• Values of the Holy
THE TEACHER, THE CLASSROOM AND THE
COMMUNITY
Organizational Plan
• Structured Classroom: The learning activities in a
structured classroom are well planned ahead of time and
the procedures follow accepted rules and regulations
established by the school
• Flexible Classroom: In a flexible classroom there is
allowance for free movement, time allotment and even in
decisions regarding modes of undertaking the learning
activities.
 Individual approach
 Grouping
Scheduling
Good time management is the key to a smooth flow of planned
activities.
Teachers must be able to plan thoroughly for their daily lessons and
for additional activities such as:
• Parent teacher conference after class
• Working with other teachers during occasional school events
• Preparing new teaching devices
• Advance requests for supplies and materials for the week’s lessons
and for learning centers
• Supervising students along the corridors and school grounds or
while eating in the canteen
Filler or Emergency Activities
• If you will be able to finish the lesson ahead of time, be ready with
“fillers” or activities which are connected with the lesson
Tips for maintaining good time management:

• Schedule all activities with corresponding time allotment

ahead of time
• Provide enough time for everything you expect to happen
• Avoid rushing since you know you have carefully allotted
required time for activity
• Be flexible with assignment
• Set the example by showing that you are time conscious
Record Keeping

• Daily attendance
• Student’s Progress

Physical Environment

• Maintaining cleanliness
• Using proper ventilations
• Avoiding unnecessary noise
• Bulletin boards and displays
• Seating arrangements
Discipline
Causes of Discipline Problems
• Overcrowded students in class
• Poor lightning facilities
• Inadequate ventilation
• Disorderly cabinets
• Inappropriate seating arrangement
• Near sources of noise
Prevention
• Cooperative learning, team learning, peer tutoring
• Switch from one technique to another as need arises
• Patience, compassion, caring attitude, respect for others
• Warm respectable relationship with students
• Unpretentious gestures
• Proper facial expression
• Kind words or praises
• Avoiding unusual closeness/favoritism and biased treatment
Common ways of establishing discipline/classroom control

• Discipline in student’s responsibility

• Discipline is the teacher’s way of establishing a desirable student-oriented
environment for learning
• Discipline is coupled with effective teaching strategies and techniques
• Discipline is achieved through the effects of group dynamics on behavior

Tips to make the teacher a good disciplinarian

• Be prepared to face class with multi-behavior tendencies

• Know your students well
• Show your sincere concern for their welfare
• Commendable behavior is reciprocal
• Be calm, poise and tactful
• Be firm all times
• Be enthusiastic
• Practice good sense of humor
• Speak with good voice, volume and pitch
• Be humble
Common ways of dealing with discipline problems
Acceptable:
• Use verbal reinforcers that encourage good behavior
• Use nonverbal gestures to dissuade them from mischief
• Dialogs could help discover problems and agree on mutually beneficial solution
• Time out
• Award merits for good behavior
• A private, one on one brief conference
• Allow students the freedom to express themselves
Unacceptable:
• Scolding
• Harsh words
• Nagging
• Long sermons
• Keeping students in “detention area”
• Denying a student some privilege
• Assignment of additional homework
• Using ridicule or sarcasm
• Subtracting points from grades of misbehavior
Establishing Routine
Routine is a regular procedure or a normal practice that is
followed. It is a schedule of activities that is mostly time
paced and is attuned to the lesson objectives. It contributes
to smooth flow of activities thus lessening the unnecessary
disruptions.
• Keeping tables and chairs in order before leaving
• Returning borrowed tools and materials after use
• Cleaning chalk board to be ready for the nest topic
• Transferring from one room to another on time
• Order in waiting for ones turn in borrowing books
• Cleaning stains or drops after the lesson
Batas Pambansa 232 (Education Act of 1982)
• Students have right to receive primarily through competent
instruction, relevant quality education in line with national
goals and conductive to their full development as person
with the human dignity
• Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority when in the
discharge of lawful duties and responsibilities and shall
therefore be accorded with due respect and protection

The UNESCO (United Nations Scientific and Cultural Organization)

• Learning to know
• Learning to do
• Learning to live together
• Learning to be
EFA (Education For All 2015)

• Institutionalize early childhood care and development

• Provide universal quality primary education
• Eradicate illiteracy
• Launch continuing education programs for adults and out of school
youth

UN Millennium Development Goals 2015 (MDG’S)

• Reducing by half the number of people, who live in extreme poverty

• Reducing death in mothers and children below five
• Making primary education accessible to all
• Providing access to reproductive health services
• Pursuing national strategies for sustainable development
• Reserving environment resources losses
• Developing a global partnership for developement
Child-Friendly School System (CFSS)
Initiated by the Philippine government and UNICEF

• Characteristics of CFSS
• Gender sensitive and not discriminating
• Child centered
• Promotes good health
• Has the best interest of children in mind
• Works closely with children’s families
Magna Carta for Public School Teachers (RA 4670)

• Stability of employment
• Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom particularly with regard to
teaching and classroom methods
• Teachers salary at the very least keep pace with the rise in the cost
of living by payment of cost of living index
• Compulsory medical examination for free

Presidential Decree 1006 (Decree Professionalizing Teaching)

• Enacted during the time of Marcos

• Teachers will endergo professional test jointly given by the Civil Service
Commission and Department of Education
• RA 7836 (Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994)
• RA 9293 (An Act Amending some sections of RA 7836
• Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers