The Philippine local condition during

the Spanish colonialism was similar to

what happened in Latin America.
The Spanish seized land and established huge
plantations which made rich men out of
landowners. Some of the indigenous people
mixed with the Spanish, some were overwhelmed
by them. Both groups adopted Catholicism.
Jose Rizal's La Verdad para Todos in La
Solidaridad
Elusive Peasant, Weak State: Sharecropping
and the Changing Meaning of Debt
Sugar Capitalism: The Divergent Paths of
Haciendas on Negros Island and the
Hacienda de Calamba
Philippine History:
The Campaign for Reforms Reform Movement

• A movement brought by the unjust execution of the

three Filipino priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos
and Jacinto Zamora and the crave of the middle
classes for a more secure position in the social
pyramid
The Role of the Middle Class
Middle class
-Spanish and Chinese mestizos and the
insulates

3 social classes of Spanish period:

1. peninsulares – Spaniards born in Spain.
2. Insulares – Spaniards born in the Philippines
3. Indios – natives or indigenous people.
The Nature of the Reform Movement

The movement has no clamor for independence it only

aims for the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain (to
make the Philippines a province of Spain) so that the
Filipinos:
*would become Spanish citizens
*would be represented in the Spanish Cortes to be able to
participate in the making of laws that may benefit the
country. And that goal has to be attained by peaceful
means using the power of words.
 The Great Reformist
Graciano Lopez Jaena
*Born in Jaro Ilo-ilo, on December 17,1856 son of Placido Lopez and Maria
Jacobo Jaena
Studied at Seminary of Jaro and Enrolled in medicine at University of Valencia
*1880- he secretly left for Spain because he found himself object to manhunt
*1882- he delivered a speech during the International Congress of Industrial
Geography in defense of the Filipinos
*February 15, 1889 became an Editor at the first circulation of La Solidaridad
*January 20 1896 – He died of tuberculosis
Marcelo H. del Pilar

Born in Barrio Kupang, Bulakan, on August 30, 1850

son of Julian H. Del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaitan
*The political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain
Studied at College of San Jose and at University of
Sto. Tomas where he finished his law course in
1880
*1882 – founded Diariong Tagalog
*July 4, 1896 – he died
 Jose Rizal

* Born in Calamba Laguna on June 9 1861 to Francisco

Mercado and Teodora Alonzo.
* Wrote the poem “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” at the age of
eight
* Enrolled at Ateneo Municipal and at a time at University
of Sto. Tomas
* 1891-he finished El Filibusterismo
* December 30, 1896 he was shot to death
 La Solidaridad

A news paper that rises as an answer to the needs of

bringing to the attention of the Peninsular Spaniards the
so-called Philippine problem
*February 15, 1889 – the first number came out in
Barcelona with Lopez Jaena as Editor
*December 1889 – M. H. del Pilar took over the editorship
 The aims of La Solidaridad
*During Jaenas editorship
To combat reaction, to stop all retrogressive steps, to extol and adopt liberal
ideas, to defend progress and to be a propagandist of democratic ideas
*Under Del Pilars editorship
the aims of the sol was expanded to include: the removal of the friars and
secularization, active participation in the affairs of government, freedom of
speech of the press and the assembly, a wider social and political freedom,
equality before the law, assimilation and the representation in the Spanish Cortes
Pen names used by the reformist:
*Rizal- Dimas Alang and Laong Laan; Mariano Ponce- tikbalang, Naning and
Kalipulako; M.H. del Pilar as Plaridel; Jose Ma. Panganiban as Jomapa
In its six years of existence the Sol represented the ideals of the Filipino reformist
group and succeeded in exposing the evil in the Filipino Society.
 The Hispano-Filipino Association

*January 12, 1889 An association composed of Spaniards and

Filipinos who favored in granting the reform in the colony was
inaugurated in Madrid.
Their campaigns resulted in the passage of law in the Cortes which
would have been of benefit to the Filipino if it had been carried out
*1893 – the society secure the passage of Maura Law, a law for the
compulsory teaching of Spanish and initiation of reforms in the
judiciary
*February 21 1895- representative Emilio Junoy presented a
petition in the Cortes that urged no less than 52 towns to favor
parliamentary representation of the Philippines
 The Role of Freemasonry

*April 1 1889- G. Lopez Jaena established the Masonic lodge

revolution in Barcelona
*1890- the lodgeLa Solidaridad was established in Madrid
Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio Luna established Masonic
Lodges in the Philippines:
*Nilad- was established on January 6, 1891
It became the focus of propaganda activities and became
responsible in the maintenance of unity it also served as a pattern
for the methods and organization of the Katipunan because
Andress Bonifacio was a Mason
 La Liga Filipina Founded

*By Rizal on July 3, 1892 at a house in Tondo.

It aims to unite the archipelago into one compact, vigorous,
and homogenous body; for mutual protection of every want
and necessity defence against all violence and injustice
encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce
study and application of reforms. All this aims are to be
carried out through the creation of governing body
composed of the Supreme Council, Provincial Council and
Popular Council.