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Advanced Batteries and Supercapacitors for

Electric Vehicles

Ababay Ketema (PhD)

Assistant Professor of Sustainable Energy Engineering

September 25, 2022

Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Presentation Outline
• Batteries vs Supercapacitors
• General applications
• Electric Vehicle application
• Value-addition to local row
materials
• Opportunities and challenges
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Battery (Energy) vs Supercapacitor (Power)

Haile Gebrselassie Usain Bolt

World championship in 10,000 meters World championship in 100 meters

Long distance = Energy Speed = Power

Source: Wikipedia images

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Battery (Energy) vs Supercapacitor (Power)

 Energy density relates to the amount of energy that can be stored per battery unit
 Power density the maximum amount of energy that can be discharged per battery
unit
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Different shape and size for several application

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Other application markets

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Supercapacitor applications
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Advancements in Battery Technologies of

Electric Vehicle
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
Energy densities (100-265 Wh/kg)
3.6 Volts
Low maintenance
No memory effect
Self-discharge rate of around
1.5-2% per month

Specific energy density: how much energy a battery contains in comparison to its
weight, Watt-hours/kilogram (W-hr/kg).
Volumetric energy density: how much energy a battery contains in comparison to
its volume, Watt-hours/liter (W-hr/l)
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Advancements in Battery Technologies of

Electric Vehicle
 High energy density
 high abundance
 Low cost
 High safety
 Low-level of pollutants
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Advancements in Battery Technologies of

Electric Vehicle
Types of electric vehicles
 BEVs (Battery Electric
Vehicles)
 PHEVs (Plug-In Hybrid
Electric Vehicles)
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles
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Hybrid electric vehicles - HEV

 Combination approach – uses gas engine and electric motor

 The battery that is charged using the internal combustion engine
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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV)

 Combines a gasoline or diesel engine

 An electric motor
 Large battery
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Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

 No gas engine parts  Energy efficient: 77% , Conventional gasolineveh

 Environmentally friendly 12%–30%
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Electric Vehicle Charging stations

LEVEL 3 (480 Volts/100

LEVEL 1 (120 Volts/15 LEVEL 2 (240 Volts/30 Amps) - DC quick
Amps) Amps) chargers
Portable and standard On-board charging station High-powered charging
wall outlets station
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Volvo reveals advanced energy storage

technology
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Electric Vehicles as an asset for the

environment
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Challenge with electric vehicles

 Short Range Anxiety

Battery technology is expensive
 Long charging times
Charging infrastructure
 Customer acceptance
 Chip shortages
 Not so environmentally-
Friendly
Cold temperature issues
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Some contributions on rechargeable ZABs

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Some contributions on rechargeable ZABs

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Some contributions on rechargeable ZABs

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Some new findings on Mn-based materials

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Some new findings on Mn-based materials

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Some new findings on Mn-based materials

α-MnO2 : 0.962 V

Ag-α-MnO2- 2.5 : 1.019 V

Ag-α-MnO -7.5 : 1.126 V

2
Open circuit potential of the homemade ZAB measured by digital multi-meter. and d) Configuration of
rechargeable assembled zinc air battery.
23
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Opportunities and challenges

 Opportunities  Challenges
 TGA/DTA  Lack of budget
 UV-Vis  Auto lab
 FTIR  Battery performance
testing instruments
 BET
 SEM
 XRD
 Collaboration
 Researchers
 Governmental organizations
 Non-governmental organizations
 Universities
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Acknowledgments

Nigus G. Habtu
(Ph.D., Asso. Prof.)

Ababay K. Worku Delele W. Ayele

(Ph.D., Assi. Prof.) (Ph.D., Asso. Prof.)

Temesgen A. Yemata
(Ph.D., Assi. Prof.) Zerihun G. Workineh
(Ph.D., Asso. Prof.)