U C S P

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

MICHELLE V. LIWAG

Subject Teacher
DERNEG
GENDER
CULTURAL
VARIATIONS
AND SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES
(Gender)
OBJECTIVES:
Differentiate gender from sex
Discuss gender roles during pre-
colonial period to colonial occupation
Recognize the importance of gender
equality in the society
GENDER
refers to social,
cultural and SOCIAL TRAITS

psychological
characteristics or GENDER CULTURAL TRAITS

traits related to
males and females PSYCHOLOGICAL
based on certain TRAITS

social contexts
Is gender
different from
sex?

KEYS KEYS

KEYS
  Characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that
are socially constructed. This includes norms,
behaviours and roles associated with being a
GENDER woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with
each other.
 makes a person masculine or feminine

 Different biological and physiological

characteristics of females, males and
intersex persons, such as chromosomes,
hormones and reproductive organs.
 makes a person male or female

SEX
GENDER
ROLES
GENDER ROLES
• REFER TO ATTITUDES
AND BEHAVIORS THAT
THE SOCIETY EXPECTS A
PERSON TO EXHIBIT
BASED ON HIS OR HER
SEX
Males and females enjoyed
the same rights and
privileges.
There were functions
Gender Roles that were specifically
in give to males,
Pre-colonial females, or both.
Different social Philippine
functions were Society
assigned to different
members of society
 SEX GENDER ROLES TASK
datu or rajah led the barangay; acted as judge to settle
Male community concerns

bagani protected the barangay against enemies

binukot acted as keeper of the community’s

Female history and culture

farmer or land tiller nurtured the land where crops were

grown

merchant traded crops and other products with

Male and Female other merchant

potter made pots and other earthen products

weaver made clothing through weaving

babaylan acted as shaman and performed spiritual

and social rituals

Gender roles during colonial
period changed drastically.
Women were restrained from
During other activities outside their
homes , while men were given
Colonial more social functions.
Period
DURING SPANISH PERIOD

WHILE THE COMING OF SPANIARDS AND THE

INTRODUCTION OF CATOLICISM, THE BABAYLAN
LOST THEIR ROLE IN THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE
COMMUNITY. THE ROLE WAS TAKE OVER BY
CATHOLIC PRIESTS.

• WOMEN WERE RELEGATED TO DOING HOUSEHOLD CHORES AND TAKING CARE OF CHILDREN.

• MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, YOUNG WOMEN WERE NOT SENT TO SCHOOL BUT INSTEAD TRAINED TO BE GOOD
WIVES AND MOTHERS FOR THEIR FUTURE FAMILIES.

• SOME WOMEN WERE ALSO FORCED TO MARRY FOR ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL GAIN.
DURING AMERICAN PERIOD

WOMEN HAD MORE FREEDOM IN THE SOCIETY.

THEY WERE ALLOWED TO STUDY AND WORK IN ANY FIELD THEY WANTED. THEY ALSO ADOPTED AMERICAN
VALUES.

MEN AND WOMEN BECAME EQUAL

DURING JAPANESE PERIOD

MEN AND WOMEN WERE ABLE TO MAINTAIN THEIR

STATUS IN SOCIETY.

THOUGH, WOMEN WERE USUALLY KEPT INSIDE THEIR HOUSES TO PROTECT THEM FROM ABUSIVE JAPANESE
SOLDIERS

MEN BECAME BUSY DEFENDING THE COUNTRY, WITH MOST OF THEM SERVING AS SOLDIERS.
 PERIOD MALE FEMALE
SPANISH OCCUPATION laborers who provided for their housewives;took care of the
family children and the household

were educated to become were trained for life in the

professionals and leaders monastery

AMERICAN OCCUPATION laborers in factories laborers in factories

were educated to become were educated to become

professionals professionals

JAPANESE OCCUPATION laborers who provided for the housewives

family

work as guerilla soldiers some became guerilla soldiers

and supporters
GENDER ROLES IN CURRENT
PHILIPPINE SOCIETY

BOTH MEN AND

WOMEN ARE
ALLOWED TO
PERFORM
DIFFERENT TASKS
NOT BASED SOLELY
ON GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY

PEOPLE OF ALL
GENDERS HAVE
EQUAL RIGHTS,
RESPONSIBILITES
AND
OPPORTUNITIES
 Do you have a hobby that
is typically done by the
opposite sex?

What are your

LET’S
hobbies? EXPLORE

What do people say about your

“unusual” hobby?
 WHAT
DO YOU
THINK?

Is it proper to limit a person’s

choices based on his or her gender?
Activity: Guessing Time!!!! Gender or Sex?
• MALE and FEMALE

• XY AND XX

• MASCULINE AND FEMININE

• EMOTIONAL AND LOGICAL

• PENIS AND VAGINA

• EARNER AND CAREGIVER

T I P S
Gender equality is not only a
fundamental human right, but a
necessary foundation for a
peaceful, prosperous and
sustainable world.
 K E Y Points

GENDER
GENDER GENDER ROLES
EQUALITY
• SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND • ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS • PEOPLE OF ALL GENDERS
PSYCHOLOGICAL THAT THE SOCIETY EXPECTS A HAVE EQUAL RIGHTS,
CHARACTERISTICS OR TRAITS PERSON TO EXHIBIT BASED RESPONSIBILITES AND
RELATED TO MALES AND ON HIS OR HER SEX OPPORTUNITIES
FEMALES BASED ON CERTAIN
SOCIAL CONTEXTS
REFERENCES
• quipper.com
• https://www.who.int/health-topics/gender#tab=tab_1
• https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/
U C S P
THANK YOU