CITIZENSHIP
BY MARC DANIEL CALUB
 THIS LESSON PROVIDES CITIZEN RIGHTS, PRIVILEGES AND
OBLIGATIONS AS A MEMBER OF THE POLITICAL COMM
UNITY.

• At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:

• I. Explain citizenship and avenues for citizen participation.
• 2. Distinguish the natural born from naturalized Filipino.
• 3. Enumerate the rights, privileges and obligations of citizens.
CONCEPT OF CITIZENSHIP
CITIZEN

• A member of a democratic
community who enjoys full
civil and political rights
and is accorded protection
inside and outside the
territory of the State.
CITIZEN

• Citizens may be regarded

by all nations either born
in their territories or born
of their citizens, or it
could be both.
 CITIZENSHIP

• It Denotes membership of a
citizen in a political society which
membership implies, reciprocally,
a duty of allegiance on the part of
the members and duty of
protection on the part of the state.
ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP
 INVOLUNTARY METHOD

•By birth because of blood

relationship (jus sanguinis) or
place of birth (jus soli).
 INVOLUNTARY METHOD

•Membership in a nation is largely involuntary;

that is most people initially become citizens of a
nation and subject to its rules without any
deliberate choice or conscious act (Ranney,
1995).
 VOLUNTARY METHOD

• by naturalization
• Naturalization as cited by De Leon (2014) is the
act of formally adopting a foreigner into the
political body of the state and clothing him with
the rights and privileges of citizenship.
 VOLUNTARY METHOD

•It is a voluntary method of acquiring

citizenship by renouncing his former
citizenship and embracing a new one.
 OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS

1.Loyalty or have a sense of patriotism.

2.Obeys law.
3.Participation in political processes.
 THE FOLLOWING ARE CITIZENS OF THE
PHILIPPINES:

• 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at

the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
• 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens
of the Philippines;
 THE FOLLOWING ARE CITIZENS OF THE
PHILIPPINES:

• 3. Those born on January 17, 1973, of Filipino

mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon
reaching the age of majority; and
• 4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with
law.
 NATURAL-BORN CITIZENS

•Are those who are citizens of the

Philippines from birth without having
to perform any act to acquire or
perfect their Philippine citizenship.
 NATURAL-BORN CITIZENS

•Philippine citizenship may be lost

or reacquired in the manner
provided by law.
TWO WAYS OF LOSING CITIZENSHIP

•I. Voluntarily
•2. Involuntarily
 1. VOLUNTARILY

• a. by naturalization in a
foreign country
• b. by express renunciation
of citizenship
 1. VOLUNTARILY

• c. by supporting the constitution

and laws of a foreign country
• d. by rendering service to the
armed forces of a foreign
country
 2. INVOLUNTARILY

•a. by the cancelation of his certificate of

naturalization by the court
•b. by having been declared as a deserter in
the Philippine armed forces in time of war.
 WAYS OF REACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP

•a. by the repatriation of deserters of the

Philippine armed forces
•b. by a direct act of the Congress
•c. by naturalization
• Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens
shall retain their citizenship unless by their act
or omission they are deemed, under the law, to
have renounced it.
• The Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the
national interest and shall be dealt with by law.
•Note: What Section 5 prohibits is
not dual citizenship but dual
allegiance.
 DUAL CITIZENSHIP

• Dual citizenship is a situation in

which a person simultaneously
owes, by some positive act, loyalty
to two or more states. It arises
because our laws cannot control
laws of other countries on
citizenship.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225

• Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003

• "Natural-born citizens of the Philippines who have lost
their Philippine citizenship because of their naturalization
as citizens of a foreign country are at this moment deemed
to have re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking the
oath of allegiance to the Republic."
• Note: What Section 5 prohibits is not dual citizenship but dual allegiance.
• Dualcitizenship is a situation in which a person simultaneously owes, by some positive
• act, loyalty to two or more states. It arises because our laws cannot control laws of
• other countries on citizenship.
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225
• Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003
• "Natural-born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their Philippine citizenship because
• of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are at this moment deemed to have
• re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking the oath of allegiance to the Republic."
CONCEPT OF CIVIL
SOCIETY

• The United Nations (UN)

define Civil society as the
"third sector" of society,
along with government
and business. It comprises
civil society organizations
and non-governmental
organizations.
CONCEPT OF CIVIL
SOCIETY

• The UN recognizes the

importance of partnering
with civil society, because
it advances the
Organization's ideals, and
helps support its work.
 The World Health Organization (WHO)
CONCEPT OF claims that the Civil society is seen as a social
sphere separated from both the state and the
CIVIL SOCIETY market.

WHO further reports that the increasingly

accepted understanding of the term civil society
organizations (CSOs) is that of non-state, not-
for-profit, voluntary organizations formed by
people in that social sphere.
CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

• The term is used to describe a

broad range of organizations,
networks, associations, groups and
movements that are independent of
government and that sometimes
come together to advance their
common interests through
collective action.
 CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

• The term "NGOs" is used to describe non-profit

making, non-violent organizations, which seek to
influence the policy of governments and international
organizations and to complement government services
(such as health and education).
• They vary in their size, scope of activity and goals.
• They may operate nationally, or internationally.
 CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

• Civil society as "a web of

human relationships made of
individual people, their
networks, organizations, and
in situations around which
social and community life is
built.
 CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

• It is dynamic, adaptive,
at times nebulous, at
times well structured,
though much of it is
informal. Lederach
(2001)
 CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

• To Lederach, the only thing that is outside the definition of civil

society is the national and formal structures of official political
governance.
• Kaldor (2003) gives examples of civil society which includes, but
not limited to social movements, NGOs, and non-profit
organizations, advocacy networks, public policy networks and
religious organizations.
 CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

• Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) include NGOs, trade unions,

faith-based organizations, indigenous peoples' movements,
foundations and many other.
• Amando Doronilla as mentioned by Diokno (1997) claims that civil
society covers all institutions and groups engaging each other in the
democratization process, e.g., the Church, business groups among
others.
 CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

• The Philippines is usually described as an active civil

society type where thousands of voluntary organizations
addressing various concerns dot the country's
sociopolitical landscape (The Third World Studies
Center, 1997).
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS

• Paffenholz and Spurk (2010) give seven features that civil society plays in peacebuilding.
These functions are:
 protection
 monitoring
 advocacy and public communication
 social cohesion
 intermediation and facilitation
 service delivery
 FUNCTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF CIVIL
ORGANIZATIONS

• According to The Third World Studies Center (1997),

the civil society has demonstrated their potential as
independent power centers and agents of change.
• It has cumulatively pushed forward the
democratization project.
 FUNCTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF CIVIL
ORGANIZATIONS

• Civil society (Krut, 1997) is crucial to democratization because

it enables and widens participation, protects citizens from the
abuse of state power, and guarantees the political
accountability of the state.
• Civil society is a protector and guardian, change-advocate and
dispenser and generator of social wealth and welfare.
 FUNCTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF CIVIL
ORGANIZATIONS

• Society prevents the state from abusing its powers

and at the same time prods it to do better by being
accountable and transparent (Putnam). Further, a
vibrant civil society leads to better government.
 FUNCTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF CIVIL
ORGANIZATIONS

• For David (1997) civil society aims to transform unequal

power relations in six spheres:
1. country and class;
2. sector and species;
3. generation and gender.
 FUNCTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF CIVIL
ORGANIZATIONS

• Civil society provides social welfare such as child

care, adult literacy, health and other services which
the state is unable to provide sufficiently; and
organizing relief and rehabilitation centers in disaster
and war-torn areas.
 • There have been many social movements
throughout history that have dramatically
CONCEPT OF
SOCIAL changed the societies in which they occurred.
MOVEMENT • Social movements have varied widely in
S their ideologies, some have been
revolutionary in their aims, some have
advocated reforms to the existing system,
and others have been conservative in their
orientation and have worked to oppose
changes in society.
 •In scope, social
CONCEPT OF
SOCIAL movements are varied
MOVEMENT
S also; many changes are
limited to local policies
and others have been
international in their focus
(Christiansen, 2009).
 FOUR STAGES OF
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

1. Emergence.
- Within this stage, social
movements are very
preliminary, and there is little
to no organization.
- Ex. The early 1950's for the
Civil Rights Movement.
 2. COALESCENCE.

- At this stage, social movements

have overcome obstacles which
many never overcome. It is
characterized by a more clearly
defined sense of discontent, a sense
of what the unease is all about and
who or what is responsible.
- Ex. American civil rights movement.
 - This stage is characterized by higher levels of the
organization and coalition-based strategies. In this
3.BUREAUCRA stage, social movements can no longer just rely on
TIZATION. mass rallies or inspirational leaders; they must
rely on trained staff to carry out the functions of
organizations.
- Ex. Gay rights movement.
 4. DECLINE.

- It does not necessarily mean

failure of social movements as
Miller (1999) argues that there
are four ways in which social
movements can decrease
namely: Success, Organized
failure, Co-optation, Repression
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Guinier & Torres (2014) in an

article entitled " Changing the
Wind: Notes toward a
Demosprudence of Law and
Social Movements" published
in Yale Law Journal claimed
that:
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Social movements have played

key roles in redefining the
meaning of our democracy by
creating necessary conditions
for a genuine "community of
consent".
FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Social movements build solidarity through "a continuous series of interactions between
power holders and persons successfully claiming to speak on behalf of a constituency
lacking formal representation," as well as through connective structures and shared
identities that sustain collective action.
FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Social movements
tend to emerge
initially as a local
source of power and
moral authority.
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Social movements create constituencies

of accountability and alternative
authoritative interpretive communities
that draw on local resources (networks,
information, relationships, and cultural
symbols) to ground the lawmaking
process in a moral vision that forces both
their legal advocates and the larger
society to begin to contend with issues of
substantive justice.
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Social movements may ultimately succeed in

changing public opinion. Or minorities-- through
social movements—can attract more supporters,
influence a political majority, and thus succeed in
conventional politics through their
disproportionate and concentrated attention on
gaining access to legislation or the executive
branch.
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Social movements
influence lawmaking,
which then shapes the
agenda of the social
movement.
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Even when they fail, social

movements may still provide a
valuable window on lawmaking
because they bring to the fore
conceptions of substantive justice,
not just procedural fairness.
 FUNCTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• Social movements, whether

of the political right or left,
help narrate new social
meanings, often through
their interaction with, and
resistance to, more
conventional understanding.
ASSIGNMENT

Name of Social Movement

Important People (Founder)

Advocacy/ies
ASSIGNMENT

• Research on the positive impact of Civil

Society (NG)s) in building peace in the
Philippines. Support with pictures and news
articles or stories.
• Long bond paper