VITAMIN K

Group 6
Vitamin K
• a fat soluble vitamins
• is found throughout the body including the liver, brain,
heart, pancreas, and bone.
• posttranslational modification of various blood clotting
factors, in which it serves as coenzyme in the
carboxylation of certain glutamic acid residues present
in these proteins
- Exist in several forms:

• plants as phylloquinone (Vitamin K1)

• intestinal bacterial flora as menaquinone (Vitamin
K2)
• Synthetic form: menadione
Chemical Structure of
Vitamin k

Napthoquinone

Vitamin K
 REQUIRED FOR SEVERAL PROCESS:

• Production of coagulation factors

• Bone development

Sources:
• Dietary - leafy greens, vegetables (Vit. K1) fermented foods(Vit.
K2)
• Endogenous- intestinal flora (Vit. K2)
 Functions of Vitamin K

• Coenzyme for the synthesis of prothrombin and blood

clotting factors in the liver

• Prothrombin and clotting factors are protein in nature.

• Mature prothrombin and clotting factors contain g-

carboxyglutamate after carboxylation reaction

• Vitamin K is essential for the carboxylase enzyme involved

• Dihydroquinone form of Vitamin K is essential for this

reaction.
Recommended daily intake:

• 2 mcg/day (Children 0-6 months) • 90 mcg/day adequately intake (for women

• 2.5 mcg/day (children 7-12 months) and for those who are pregnant or
lactating)
• 30mcg/day (children 1-3)
• 120 mcg/day (For 19 year old and older for
• 55mcg/day (children 4-8) men )
• 60mcg/day (children 9-13)
• 75 mcg/day (Girl & Boys14-18)
FOODS RICH IN Vitamin K
VITAMIN K BENIFITS

1.Support heart health

2. Improve bone density
3. Helps with PMS
4. Fights cancer
5. Helps blood clotting
VITAMIN K AND HEALTH

Blood Clots Bone Health Heart Disease

- Vitamin K helps to A few studies have

- Vitamin K is involved with
make four of the 13 researched the role of
the production of proteins in vitamin K for heart health.
proteins needed for blood bone, including osteocalcin, Vitamin K is involved with
clotting, which stops which is needed to prevent the production of matrix
wounds from the weakening of bones. Gla proteins (MGP), which
continuously bleeding so help to prevent calcification
they can heal. or hardening of heart
arteries, a contributor to
heart

disease.
HEMOSTASIS
What is Hemostasis?

Homeostasis is quite crucial for the

survival of organisms. It is often seen
as a resistance to changes in the
external environment. Furthermore,
homeostasis is a self-regulating
process that regulates internal
variables necessary to sustain life.
Symptoms of
Deficiency

• Bruising from bleeding into the skin

• Nosebleeds
• Bleeding gums
• Bleeding in stomach
• Blood in urine
• Blood in stool
• Tarry block stool
• Extremely heavy menstrual bleeding
• In infants, may result in intracranial hemorrhage
 Symptoms of
Deficiency
• Bruising from bleeding into • Nosebleeds
the skin
 Symptoms of
Deficiency

• Bleeding gums • Bleeding in stomach

Symptoms of
Deficiency

• Blood in urine • In infants, may result in intracranial

hemorrhage
 DEFICIENCY
OF VITAMIN K
• Deficiencies are rare: it is
synthesized by the intestinal
bacteria
• Hypoprothrombinemia: increased
blood coagulation time
• May affect bone growth and
mineralization
• Malabsorption of lipids leads to
Vitamin K deficiency
• Prolonged antibiotic therapy
 DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN K

• Gastrointestinal infections with diarrhea

- Both of the above destroy the bacterial flora
leading to Vitamin K deficiency
• Deficiency most common in newborn infants
- Newborns lack intestinal flora
- Human milk cannot provide enough Vitamin K
- Supplements are given by injection
 Clinical Manifestation of the Deficiency

• Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

• Bruising tendeney, ecchymotic patches
(bleeding underneath the skin)
• Mucus membrane hemorrhage
• Prolonged prothrombin time
Toxicity of Vitamin K
• Prolonged supplementation of large doses of menadione can
cause.
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Jaundice
• Due to toxic effects on the membrane of RBC
• Therefore, it is no longer used to treat vitamin K deficiency
• No UL has been set for Vitamin K
 -
JAUNDICEA
Hemolytic Anemia
Prevention/Treatment
• Vitamin K can be given orally
• In the case of someone who improperly absorbs fat or
is at high risk of bleeding, Vitamin K can be injected
under the skin
• If a drug is causing Vitamin K deficiency, the dose is
altered or extra Vitamin K is given
• In people who suffer from both severe liver disorders
and Vitamin K deficiency, Vitamin K injections may be
insufficient so blood transfusion may be necessary to
replenish clotting factors
THANK
YOU!