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EDUC201  
TEACHING MATTHEMATICS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL
MANUEL Q. UY, III, MAEdA
 

TOPIC : PRINCIPLES OF SELECTING

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
• REVIEW
PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
PRINCIPLES OF E-LEARNING DESIGN

2
Instructional Aid Theory
or many years, educators have theoried about how the human brain and the
memory function during the communicative process. There is general agreement
about certain theoretical factors that seem pertinent to understanding the use of
instructional aids.".
During the communicative process, the sensory register of the memory acts as a
filter. As stimuli are received, the individual’s sensory register works to sort out
the important bits of information from the routine or less significant bits. Within
seconds, what is perceived as the most important information is passed to the
working or short-term memory where it is processed for possible storage in the
long-term memory. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate
instructional aids that highlight and emphasizes the main points or concepts.
The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both time and
capacity.
Therefore, it is essential that the information be arranged in useful bits or chunks
for effective coding, rehearsal, or recording. The effectiveness of the instructional
aid is critical for this process. & are fully selected charts, graphs, pictures, or
other well-organized visual aids are examples of items that help the student
understand, as well as retain, essential information
Reasons for Use of Instructional Aids
1.It helps the students remember important information
.2.When properly used, they help gain and hold the attention of
students.
‘.
3. Audio or visual aids can be very useful in supporting a topic, and
the combination of both audio and visual stimuli is particularly
effective since the two most important senses are involved.
Instructors should keep in mind that they often are salesmen of ideas,
and many of the best salestechni+ues that attract the attention of
potential clients are well worth considering
4. Good instructional aids also can help solve certain language
barrier problems.
& consider thecontinued expansion of technical terminology in
everyday usage. This, coupled with culturally diverse
backgrounds of today’s students, makes it necessary for
instructors to be precise in theirchoice of terminology. Words or
terms used in an instructional aid should be carefully selected to
convey the same meaning for the student as they do for the
instructor. They should provide an accurate visual image and
make learning easier for the student
5. Another use for instructional aids is to clarify the
relationships between material objects and concepts.
When relationships are presented visually, they often are much
easier to understand. For example, the subsystems within a
physical unit are relatively easy to relate to each otherthrough
the use of schematics or diagrams. symbols, graphs, and
diagrams can also show relationships of location, si!e, time,
frequency, and value. 4y symboli!ing the factors involved, it is
even possible to visuali!e abstract relationships.
 SELECTING
INSTRUCTIONAL
MEDIA
Why Do We Need Instructional Materials??
The result of a study shows sight (visual) and
sound (audio) consist 94% of how
information are received and processed.
This shows the importance of using
audiovisual materials or audiovisual aids
(AVA) in teaching and learning.
Why Do We Need Instructional Materials??
Past studies also show we remember, on
average:
10% of what we read
20% of what we hear
30% of what we see
50% of what we see and hear
80% of what we say
90% of what we say and do
Why Do We Need Instructional Materials??
Based on the result of one study:
The use of AVA will help effective learning by providing
students the opportunity to see, hear and do
A related study on learning style also suggest the
importance of using AVA i.e. the VAK Learning Style
which suggests three main types of learners: visual,
auditory or kinesthetic/tactile learners