PRACTICAL TRAINING SEMINAR ON (CCNA) Taken at CENTRE FOR ELECTRONICS GOVERNANCE

SUBMITTED TO: Prof. (Dr) Anurakt Williamson HOD (Department of Elec. & comm.) SUBMITTED BY: Manmohan Agrawal IV YR. ECE Roll no.-42

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Centre for Electronic Governance (CEG)

Centre for Electronic Governance is an Autonomous body of the Government of Rajasthan under the Department of Technical Education. Foundation stone of CEG was laid down on 8th December 2006 at Khaitan Polytechnic College Jaipur by Honble Ministers for Technical Education. The CEG has been established with a sole aim to provide a conducive environment for creating industry employable IT professionals by the way of arranging seminars lecturers, vocational trainings and industry relevant software trainings.

Features
To promote interaction between the Government,Technical Institutes and the Industries To empower students living in the rural areas so as to bridge the urban - Rural gap To produce industry ready IT professionals To help in updating the Curriculum as per the needs of the Industries

Aims and Objectives are

Campus Placement Mission (CPM) Campus Placement Related Skills (CPRS) Graduate Placement Mission (GPM) Training for Student

Computer Network Local-Area Network (LANS) Metropolitan-Area Network(MANS) Wide Area Network(WANS) Networking Devices Router and Switch OSI Model Layers Benefits of OSI Model Role of Physical Layer Role of Data-link Layer Role of Network Layer Role of Transport layer Role of Session Layer Role of Presentation layer Role of Application Layer Setting the IP Address Default Gateway Domain Name System What is Protocol TCP/IP Networking Media What is NIC Scope of Networking

Computer Network
A computer network allows users to communicate with other users on the same network by transmitting data on the cables used to connect them. A computer network is defined as having two or more devices (such as workstations, printers, or servers) that are linked together for the purpose of sharing information,

Local-Area Networks (LANs)

A local-area network (LAN) can connect many computers in a relatively small geographical area such as a home, an office, or a campus. It allows users to access high bandwidth media like the Internet and allows users to share devices such as printers.

Local-Area Networks (LANs)

The general shape or layout of a LAN is called its topology. Topology defines the structure of the network. This includes the physical topology which is the actual layout of the wire or media, and the logical topology which is how the media is accessed by the hosts.

Wide-Area Networks (WANs)

A WAN, as the name implies, is designed to work over a larger area than a LAN. A WAN uses point-to-point or point to multipoint, serial communications lines. Point-to-point lines connect only two locations, one on each side of the line. Point-to-multipoint lines connect one location on one side of the line to multiple locations on the other side.

Wide-Area Networks (WANs)

Connections across WAN lines may be temporary or permanent. Telephone or dialup lines, might make a temporary connection to a remote network from a computer in a home or small office. In both temporary and permanent cases, computers that connect over wide area circuits must use a modem or channel service unit/data service unit at each end of the connection.

Common Networking Devices

A hub is a device that is used to extend an Ethernet wire to allow more devices to communicate with each other.

Common Networking Devices

Routers are slower than bridges and switches, but make smart decisions on how to route (or send) packets received on one port to a network on another port. Routers contain tables of network addresses along with optimal destination routes to other networks.

 It decides the best path . Basically Router is used for determination of best path between different networks.

What is switch ?
Switches are basically used for determination of path between same networks..

Reduces complexity. Standardizes interfaces. Facilitates modular engineering. Ensures interoperable technology. Simplifies teaching and learning.

Role of Physical layer

Binary transmission.
Wires , connectors,voltages,data rates. Physical layer is basically called bit synchronizer layer.

Role of Data link layer

Direct link control, access to media.

Provides connectivity and path selection between two host. Provides logical address . No error correction, best effort delivery.

Network address and best path determination Provides reliable transfer of data across media. Physical addressing ,network topology, error notification , flow control.

Role of Network layer

End-to-end connections Concerned with transportation issues between hosts Data transport reliability Establish, maintain, terminate virtual circuits Fault detection & recovery information flow control

Role of Transport layer

Role of Session Inter host Communication

layer

Establishe, Manages & terminates sessions between applications Data Representation Role of Presentation

layer

Ensures data is readable by receiving system Format of data Data structures

Network Process to applications. Provides network services to application processes (such as electronic mail,file transfer and terminal emultion) Application layer provide the interface to the network.

Setting the IP Address

In a (TCP/IP)-based LAN, PCs use an IP address to identify each other. These addresses allow computers that are attached to the network to locate each other. IP addresses for hosts on a LAN can be assigned in two ways: 1. Manually assigned by the network administrator 2. Assigned by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server

DNS
Most hosts are identified on the Internet by friendly computer names known as domain names. The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to translate computer names such as cisco.com to their corresponding unique IP address. The DNS server keeps records that map computer (host) names and their corresponding IP address. These record types are all combined in the DNS table.

What is a Protocol?
Protocol is a controlled sequence of messages that is exchanged between two or more systems to accomplish a given task. Protocol specifications define this sequence together with the format or layout of the messages that are exchanged.

TCP/IP
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols has become the dominant standard for internetworking. TCP/IP represents a set of public standards that specify how packets of information are exchanged between computers over one or more networks.

Networking Media
Networking media can be defined simply as the means by which signals (data) are sent from one computer to another (either by cable or wireless means). Coaxial cable is a copper-cored cable surrounded by a heavy shielding and is used to connect computers in a network. There are several types of coaxial cable, including thicknet, thinnet, RG-59 (standard cable for cable TV), and RG-6 (used in video distribution).

Networking Media
Twisted-pair is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by adjacent pairs.

Scope in Networking
All IT/ITES based companies require Networking In software Industry also there are Networking Programmers Not only IT companies need network all of them need network to reduce workload