ENZYMES

Teresa Eliezel B. Collong

General Biology I
Week 7
Content Standard
✘ "biological catalysts” – produced or derived from some living
describe
organisms, which the components
has the of an enzyme
ability to increase the rate of chemical
reaction (STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j-17).
and will not changed or destroyed by the reaction

Explain oxidation/reduction reactions (STEM_BIO11/12-

Ii-j-18).

determine how factors such as pH, temperature, and

substrate affect enzyme activity (STEM_BIO11/12-Ii-j-
19).
What is Enzymes?
Enzymes
✘"biological catalysts” – produced or
derived from some living organisms,
which has the ability to increase the rate
of chemical reaction and will not changed
or destroyed by the reaction
Function of Enzymes
✘ Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the body; both
breaking down (e.g.: starch into maltose)
and building up reactions. (e.g: amino acids
into proteins).
✘ Enzymes lower the activation energy required to start a chemical
reaction
Characteristics of Enzymes
✘ Enzymes are highly specific in action.
✘ Enzymes remain chemically unchanged
at the end of the reaction.
✘ Enzymes are required in minute
amounts.
Naming of Enzymes
✘ Enzyme name ends with ase.
✘ Classes of enzymes named according to
activity.
✘ Enzymes that have the same activity in
different organs may make different models
called isoenzymes.
I. Name that Enzyme !!!

Protein ase
Substrate Name + -ase
 I. Name that Enzyme !!!

Carbohydrate ase
 Mode of Action

✘ Substrate fits in the enzyme active site, just like a key fits into a lock.
✘ An enzyme-substrate complex is formed.
✘ Chemical reactions occur at the active site and products are formed.
Action of Enzyme
✘ . An enzyme reduces the activation energy of a reaction.
Enzyme: Lock and Key Model
Enzyme: Lock and Key Model
What are the factors affecting Enzyme
Activity?
Factors affecting Enzyme Activity

✘Temperature
✘pH
✘[cofactors and coenzyme]
✘[enzyme and substrate]
✘Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of
products
Temperature
pH
 Cofactors and Coenzymes
✘ Cofactor:
- Attachment of cofactor causes
a conformational change in
enzyme.
- Participate in temporary bonds
between enzyme and substrate.
✘ Coenzymes:
- Cofactors that are organic
molecules derived from niacin,
riboflavin and other H20
soluble vitamins.
Substrate Concentration
What is Redox Reaction?
Redox Reaction
✘ An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of
chemical reaction that involves a transfer of
electrons between two species. An oxidation-
reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which
the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion
changes by gaining or losing an electron.
The formation of hydrogen fluoride is an example of a redox reaction.
We can break the reaction down to analyze the oxidation and reduction
of reactants. The hydrogen is oxidized and loses two electrons, so
each hydrogen becomes positive.

✘ H2​+2F→2HF
Animation on Redox Reaction
THANK YOU!