BRAINSTEM

CRANIAL NERVES I-VI

cerebrum, thalamus/ hypothalamus
& brainstem
 brainstem

Ventral Dorsal
Midbrain
Posterior

• superior colliculus

• inferior colliculus - just b it : CN4

 Pons
posterior
anterior

midline shallow groove Superior

- lodges basilar a. cerebellar
peduncles
5 (SCP) MCP
anterolat side of pons
- CN5
ICP
7
8
6

groove bet. pons & medulla

- CN6, 7, & 8

Facial colliculus =
bulging part ( looping of 7th CN fibres around abducen nucleus)

Sulcus limitans = marks the boundary of pons from MO

 medulla oblongata
ANTERIOR LATERAL

ventral
median
fissure

OLIVE

PYRAMID CN12

ventrolateral sulcus
• extend along dorsolateral sulcus
lateral border of • CN9,10 & 11cranial portion
pyramid
• rootlets of CN12
 Relation : Brainstem Ventricular system

• Midbrain traversed by cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)

>> connect 3rd ventricle with 4th ventricle

3rd ventricle
MB
4th
Post Pons forms upper 1/2 of 4th ventricle
(triangular in shape, bounded by SCP & sulcus limitans)

upper ½ MO opens up & forms caudal (lower) part of 4th ventricle

central canal within lower ½ MO continuous with central canal of spinal cord
OLFACTORY- CN I
Subarachnoid space
-contains CSF
 Anosmia (loss of smell)

May occur in…………….

1. Old age people.

Dt progressive reduction in no. of olfactory neurosensory cells.

2. Fracture base of skull.

This may be associated with rhinorrhea = leakage of CSF from nose.
Optic nerve II
Nasal retina fbr>>contributes to
Temporal visual field
(T)

Temporal retina fbr>>contributes to

Nasal visual field (N)
Temporal visual field (T)
Nasal visual field (N) Visual field defects
Bitemporal
hemianopsia Lt. homonymous
Right side hemianopsia
blindness

Most common
*

Section of optic chiasma Section of Section of Rt optic tract

>> Defect at right / left Rt optic nerve - Defect at Lt (T) &
Temporal visual field (T) - Defect at Rt (N)
Oculomotor III
Relations of CN3 >>
Posterior cerebral artery

Oculomotor nerve

Superior cerebellar artery

 III & IV cranial nerves and their
relations to cavernous sinus

ICA
Pit. gld CN3
CN4
CN5 (Opthalmic division)
Sphenoidal s.
CN6
CN5 (Maxillary division)
 Oculomotor nerve palsy

 Ptosis (drooping) of eye lid

(paralysis of Levator palpebrae superioris)

*LPS-
raise the eyelid.

 Abducted eye ball.

(paralysis of medial rectus)
Trochlear IV
Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_rb6FMVHPk

For more details about extraocular muscles

TRIGEMINAL , V
Opthalmic division , V1
Distribution area by brs of V1
…refer to lecture FACE (semester 1.2)
Maxillary division , V2
 Mandibular division , V3

-Supplies TMJ
Abducent nerve
VI
 Clinical correlation of abducent nerve

 CN6 very near to ICA (within cavernous sinus).

 Aneurysm of ICA in cavernous sinus
>> may cause compression of CN6 & paralysis of lat. rectus m.

Left internal squint,

dt paralysis of Lat rectus (CN6)
& effect of Med rectus (CN3)