ACIDS BASES

&SALTS
S H O R T P R E S E N TAT I O N B Y T E A M ( K A K K A S H I )
 HELLO MY FELLOW
MATES! AND
GREETINGS TO
OUR TEACHER…
WE WOULD LIKE TO EXPLAIN OUR TOPICS OF
C H A P T E R ‘ A C I D S , B A S E S A N D S A LT S ’ T H R O U G H O U R
P R E S E N T A T I O N T H A T WA S C R E A T E D F O R A P U R P O S E
BY TEAM (KAKKASHI)
ACIDS
• Acids are those chemicals substances which give sour taste.
• The Acids present in plant materials and animals are called
organic acids.
• The Acids prepared from the minerals of the earth are
called mineral acids.
BASES
• Bases are those chemical substances which have a
bitter taste.
• Bases are the chemical opposites of acids. (or) bases
are those substances which can neutralise acids.
INDICATORS:
AN INDICATOR IS A ‘DYE’ THAT CHANGES COLOUR WHEN IT IS PUT
INTO AN ACID OR A BASE. THUS, AN INDICATOR TELLS US WHETHER
THE SUBSTANCE WE ARE TESTING IS AN ACID OR A BASE BY CHANGE
IN ITS COLOUR .

THE 3 MOST COMMON INDICATORS TO TEST FOR ACIDS AND

BASE ARE: LITMUS, METHYL ORANGE AND PHENOLPHTHALEIN .
 HOW DO ACIDS OR BASES REACTS
WITH EACH OTHER?
WHEN AN ACID REACTS WITH A BASE,THEN A SALT AND WATER
ARE FORMED :

ACID + BASE SALT +

WATER
ACTUALLY , WHEN AN ACID IS TREATED WITH A BASE , THE BASE
NEUTRALIZES THE ACID AND DESTROYS ITS ACIDITY.
HOW DO ACIDS AND BASES REACTS
WITH METALS?
1)MOST OF THE ACIDS REACT WITH METALS TO
FORM SALTS AND HYDROGEN GAS.

2)BASES ALSO REACTS WITH METAL TO FORM

HYDROGEN GAS AND SALTS.
ACIDS REACT WITH METAL OXIDES TO
FORM SALT AND WATER:
ACIDS REACT WITH METAL OXIDES TO FORM SALT AND WATER:
METAL OXIDE + ACID SALT + WATER

THE REACTION BETWEEN ACIDS AND METAL OXIDES TO

FORM SALT AND WATER . THUS, THE REACTION BETWEEN
ACIDS AND METAL OXIDES IS A KIND OF NEUTRALIZATION
REACTION. IT SHOWS THE BASIC NATURE OF METAL
OXIDES.
pH in the Digestive System
1.Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme
which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars.

2.Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino

acids by the enzyme pepsin.
3. Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small
molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them
ARE PLANTS AND ANIMALS PH
SENSITIVE?
THE PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE SENSITIVE TO PH
CHANGES IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT. IN FACT, THE
GROWTH OF PLANTS AND SURVIVAL OF ANIMALS
DEPENDS TO A LARGE EXTENT ON THE AVAILABILITY
OF PROPER PH CONDITIONS WHICH SUIT THEM .
SELF DEFENCE BY ANIMALS AND PLANTS
THROUGH CHEMICAL WARFARE:
MANY ANIMALS AND PLANTS PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM THEIR ENEMIES BY
INJECTING PAINFUL AND IRRITATING ACIDS AND BASES INTO THEIR SKIN.
FOR EG. WHEN HONEY-BEE STINGS A PERSON, IT INJECTS AN
ACIDIC LIQUID INTO THE SKIN WHICH CAUSES IMMENSE PAIN
AND IRRITATION. BUT IF WE APPLY A MILD BASE LIKE BAKING
SODA SOL. ON THE STUNG AREA OF SKIN GIVES RELIEF.
PLANTS ARE NO BETTER THAN ANIMALS!

SOME PLANTS ALSO GIVE PAINFUL STINGS. FOR EG . NETTLE IS A

WILD HERBACEOUS PLANT FOUND IN THE JUNGLES. THE NETTLE
LEAVES HAVE STINGING HAIR. IF ACCIDENTLY A PERSON HAS
TOUCHED THAT STINGING HAIR THEN IT INJECTS METHANOIC
ACID INTO THE SKIN OF THE PERSON CAUSING BURNING PAIN.
THE NETTLE STING, BEING ACIDIC, CAN BE NEUTRALIZED BY
RUBBING BAKING SODA ON THE SKIN.
SALT : ‘NAMAK’😁
A SALT IS A COMPOUND FORMED FROM AN ACID BY THE
REPLACEMENT OF THE HYDROGEN IN THE ACID BY A METAL.

EG. HYDROCHLORIC ACID IS HCL. NOW, IF WE REPLACE

HYDROGEN (H)OF THIS ACID BY A METAL ATOM (NA), THEN WE
WILL GET A SALT NACL. HENCE IT IS A SALT.

NOTE*, ‘SALT’ IS A GENERAL NAME AND IT DOES NOT REFER

ONLY TO SODIUM CHLORIDE.
WASHING SODA : ‘SARAF’ 😁
WASHING SODA IS A SODIUM CARBONATE CONTAINING 10 MOLECULES
OF WATER OF CRYSTALLIZATION.
THE FORMULA OF WASHING SODA IS NA2CO3.10H2O
PROPERTIES OF WASHING SODA:

1. WASHING SODA IS A TRANSPARENT CRYSTALLINE

SOLID.
2.WASHING SODA IS ONE OF THE FEW METAL
CARBONATES WHICH ARE SOLUBLE IN WATER.
3. THE SOL. OF WASHING SODA IN WATER IS ALKALINE
WHICH TURNS RED LITMUS BLUE.
BAKING SODA :
THE CHEMICAL NAME OF BAKING SODA IS SODIUM HYDROGEN
CARBONATE. THE FORMULA OF BAKING SODA IS NAHCO3. IT IS ALSO
CALLED SODIUM BICARBONATE.

PROD UCTIO N OF SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE:

SODIUM H YDROGEN CARBONATE IS PRODU CED O N A LARG E SCALE BY

REACTING A COLD AND CONCENTRATIO N SO L. OF SO DIUM
CH LORID E WITH AMMONIA AND CARBON D IOXIDE.

PROPERTIES OF BAKING SODA:

1. IT CONSISTS OF WHITE
2. IT IS A MILD ,NON-COCRYSTALS WHICH ARE
SPARINGLY SOLUBLE IN WATER.RROSIVE BASE.
3. IT IS MILDLY ALKALINE .
BLEACHING POWDER
BLEACHING POWDER IS CALCIUM OXYCHLORIDE. THE CHEMICAL
FORMULA OF BLEACHING POWDER IS CAOCL2.
IT IS ALSO CALLED CHLORIDE OF LIME .

PREPARATION OF BLEACHING POWDER:

BLEACHING POWDER IS PREPARED BY PASSING CHLORINE GAS OVER DRY
SLAKED LIME :
CA(OH)2 + CL2 CAOCL2 + H2O
PROPERTIES OF BLEACHING POWDER:
1. IT IS A WHITE POWDER WHICH GIVES A STRONG SMELL OF CHLORINE.
2. IT IS SOLUBLE IN COLD WATER. THE SMALL INSOLUBLE PORTION
ALWAYS LEFT BEHIND IS THE E. LIME PRESENT IN IT.
3. IT REACTS WITH DILUTE ACIDS TO PRODUCE CHLORINE.
PLASTER OF PARIS :
PLASTER OF PARIS IS CALCIUM SULPHATE
HEMIHYDRATE.
THE FORMULA OF PLASTER OF PARIS IS CASO4.1/2H2O.

PREPARATION OF PLASTER OF PARIS:

PLASTER OF PARIS IS PREPARED FROM GYPSUM. GYPSUM IS CALCIUM

SULPHATE DIHYDRATE , CASO4.2H2O, GYPSUM IS CALCIUM SULPHATE
CONTAINING 2MOLECULES OF WATER OF CRYSTTALISATION.

PROPERTIES OF POP
1. PLASTER OF PARIS IS A WHITE POWDER.
2.PLASTER OF PARIS HAS A VERY REMARKABLE
PROPERTY OF SETTING INTO A HARD MASS ON
THANK YOU FOR
BEING WITH US.
(TEAM KAKKASHI) :

S A M A R T H A YA N A R U L A
SAHIRA SINGH
R O N A K TA H
R A G H AV M A R WA H