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Delirium IHT
Delirium IHT
Delirium
Latin etymology
De – off 0r away
Liri – furrow or track
Definisi
Delirium adalah suatu sindrom yang ditandai dengan gangguan kesadaran, kognisi
dan persepsi yang terjadi secara akut dan berfluktuasi
Clinical features:
Disorganized thingking
Altered sleep-wake cycle
Increased or decreased psychomotor activity
Perceptual disturbance: misinterpretation, illusions, hallucinations
Reduced ability to maintain attention—questions must repeated
Clinical features fluctuate, so at times patient will appear normal
Sinonim acute confusional state
Why is Delirium Important?
Increased Mortality/Morbidity
62% grater risk of mortality in delirious patients.
Persistent delirium (subjects remain delirium at 6 months) was a
significant independence predictors of 1-year mortality.
Why is Delirium Important?
Persistent cognitive dysfunction
Sign of delirium may persist for 12 months or longer, particularly in
those with underlying dementia.
One long-term follow-up study found that after two years, only one-
third of patients who had experienced delirium still live
independently in the community.
Post-Hospital costs:
Institutionalization, Rehabilitation, Home Care
Caregiver burden
Epidemiology of Delirium
Prevalence (on admission): 14-24%
Incidence (In hospital): 6-56%
Intensive Care Unit: 80%
Orthopedic Surgery: 40-50%
Cardiac Surgery: 38.5%
Surgical Units: 10-15%
Medical Units: 15-25%
Faktor Risiko
Usia diatas 60 tahun
Hendaya kognitif/ demensia
Depresi
Hendaya penglihatan/ pendengaran
Dehidrasi/malnutrisi
Gangguan metabolik
Penyakit kronik berat
Withdrawal alkohol
Riwayat delirium sebelumnya
Faktor Presipitasi
Gangguan tidur
Penggunaan kateter urin
Penggunaan fiksasi/imobilisasi
Penambahan medikasi lebih dari 2 obat baru
Infeksi
Hipoksia, hipotensi, hipoperfusi
Gagal Mengenali Delirium
65% unrecognized by physicians
43% unrecognized by nurses
41,8% of psychiatry referral for depression are delirium
53-59% of physician unaware of presence of
underlying cognitive impairment in their patients
40% of cognitively impaired hospitalized individual
will develop delirium
Subtipe Delirium
Delirium hipoaktif : ditandai oleh kebingungan, inatensi,sedasi
Education Family to be educated about the cause, course, and prognosis of delirium
Staff to be educated about behavioral dysregulation in delirium and its management