Carbonization

Coke production
 Group members:
• Muhammad Noman Anjum
• Muhammad Suleman Khan
• Gul Muhammad
• Yasir Ghazi
• Hubab Ahmad
• Uzair ur Rehman
• Amir Sohail
• Tanveer Ahmad
• Muhammd Sohail
 Contents
• Introduction
• History
• Objective
• Quality analysis
• Process
• Coke oven plant
• Properties of coke
• Byproduct of carbonization
• Hazardous impacts
• Uses of carbonization
• Conclusion
• Questions
 Introduction
• Carbonization:
The process to convert coal into coke
through destructive distillation.
OR
Simply the production of coke is known as
carbonization.
In carbonization the impurities are removed out of the
coal.
 Cont….
• Coke:
The solid residue left behind after carbonization
process.
OR
Coke is the derivative product produced by destructive
distillation.
Coke contains higher carbon content and few
impurities.
 Cont….

Coal
carbonization

Coke Coal gas Coal tar

Cont….
 History

• 1600s the concept of carbonization was developed.

• Initially wood charcoal were used as a reducing
agents in metallurgy.
• It leads to deforestation.
• In 1609 coal substituted wood charcoal.
• Later on coke, a more efficient and carbon riched
source was introduced.
 Objective

• Why we do carbonization?
- to remove impurities
- to increase carbon content
- to obtain higher energy content
- to have good reducing agent
 Quality Analysis
• Before carbonization of coal it is analyzed properly
by:
- Proximate analysis
- Ultimate analysis
• Similarly we do different tests to select coal for
carbonization:
- Caking tests
- Coking tests
 Cont…
• Now if coals satisfy certain specific criteria then it is
selected for coke production.
Coal properties Range
Ash content 10-20%
Sulphur content <0.8%
Swelling index 2-8
Phosphorous etc <0.1%
 Cont…
• If not so, then the quality of coal is enhanced by
processing.
 Process

• Carbonization may be:

- Low temperature carbonization
- High temperature carbonization
• It depends upon the yield (requirements).
• Low temperature carbonization: 250-350C
• High temperature carbonization: 600-800C

-
Cont…
 Coke Oven Plant
• Coke oven plant may be:
- Non recovery ovens
- By product ovens
Non recovery ovens are economical as well as
environment friendly.
By-product ovens are capital intensive and yields
high quality coke.
Cont…
 Cont…
• Various sections of coke oven plant are:
- Coal handling and preparation section
- Partial briqueting
- Coke oven batteries
- Coke sorting plant
- Coke oven gas recovery
- Ammonia recovery and ammonium
sulphate production
- Waste water treatment
Cont…
 Properties of coke
• Less ash content
• High carbon content
• High energy content
• Less pollution
 Cont…
Coke properties range
Ash 8-9%
Moisture 2.5-5%
Sulfur 0.65-0.82%
Volatile matter 0.5-1.5%
Phosphorous 0.02-0.33%
Average coke size 45-60mm
 By-product of carbonization

• The major by-products of carbonization are:

- coal tar
- coal gas
• Coal gas is flammable gaseous fuel.
• Coal tar is a viscous dark liquid, also known as
LCD.
 By-product of carbonization

The potential available by-products can be

classified on the basis of;
HTC and
LTC.
The different by-products of carbonization are
given in the table:
Cont…
Cont…
 Cont…
• Similarly the coke oven gases yields:
 Hazardous Impacts

• Carbonization produce various harmful substances.

- It produces higher amount of CO.
- The coal tar and smoke produced is harmful.
- The waste water discharged have bad effects
on marine life and also human life.
- It also contaminates air.
 Uses of Carbonization
• Carbonization is mainly used to produce:
- Coke which is used:
-As fuel and reducing agent in smelting of ores.
-As a source to produce synthesis gases e.g water
gas
- Coal gas which is used as domestic fuel.
- Coal tar is used as source various organic
compounds and in medication.
Cont….
 Conclusion
• We conclude that:
– There are some important parameters that determines the
properties of coking coal.
– Utilization of coal can overcome environmental hazards
– Most importantly apart from combustion we can utilize
coal in many ways e.g Carbonization Gasification etc.
– And efficiency of plant can be increased to yield good
quality coke, increasing life batteries etc.
Questions