Абу Али Ибн Сина (Авиценна), Омар

Хайям, Абу Рейхан аль-Бируни и Закария

ар-Рази.
Saadi Shirazi
• Saadi was born in Shiraz, Iran, according to some, shortly after 1200,
according to others sometime between 1213 and 1219.[7] In the 
Golestan, composed in 1258, he says in lines evidently addressed to
himself, "O you who have lived fifty years and are still asleep";
another piece of evidence is that in one of his qasida poems he writes
that he left home for foreign lands when the Mongols came to his
homeland Fars, an event which occurred in 1225.
• Sa'di's best known works are Bustan (The Orchard) completed in 1257
and Gulistan (The Rose Garden) completed in 1258.[21] Bustan is entirely
in verse (epic metre). It consists of stories aptly illustrating the standard
virtues recommended to Muslims (justice, liberality, modesty,
contentment) and reflections on the behavior of dervishes and their
ecstatic practices. Gulistan is mainly in prose and contains stories and
personal anecdotes. The text is interspersed with a variety of short
poems which contain aphorisms, advice, and humorous reflections,
demonstrating Saadi's profound awareness of the absurdity of human
existence. The fate of those who depend on the changeable moods of
kings is contrasted with the freedom of the dervishes.[21]
Regarding the importance of professions
 Saadi writes:
• O darlings of your fathers, learn the trade because property and riches
of the world are not to be relied upon; also silver and gold are an
occasion of danger because either a thief may steal them at once or
the owner spend them gradually; but a profession is a living fountain
and permanent wealth; and although a professional man may lose
riches, it does not matter because a profession is itself wealth and
wherever you go you will enjoy respect and sit on high places,
whereas those who have no trade will glean crumbs and see
hardships.
• In addition to the Bustan and Gulistan, Saadi also wrote four books of
love poems (ghazals), and number of longer mono-rhyme poems (
qasidas) in both Persian and Arabic. There are also quatrains and
short pieces, and some lesser works in prose and poetry.[24] Together
with Kamol Khujnadi and Hafez, he is considered one of the three
greatest ghazal-writers of Persian poetry.
• Saadi is well known for his aphorisms, the most famous of which, Bani Adam, is part of the Gulistan. In a delicate way it calls for breaking down all barriers
between human beings:
banī ādam a'zā-ye yekdīgar-and
ke dar āfarīn-aš ze yek gowhar-and
čo 'ozvī be dard āvarad rūzgār
degar 'ozvhā-rā na-mānad qarār
to k-az mehnat-ē dīgarān bīqam-ī
na-šāyad ke nām-at nahand ādamī
The literal translation of the above is as follows:

"The children of Adam are the members of each other,

who are in their creation from the same essence.
When day and age hurt one of these members,
other members will be left (with) no serenity.
If you are unsympathetic to the misery of others,
it is not right that they should call you a human being."
• The following translation is by H. Vahid Dastjerdi:
• Adam's sons are body limbs, to say;
For they're created of the same clay.
Should one organ be troubled by pain,
Others would suffer severe strain.
Thou, careless of people's suffering,
Deserve not the name, "human being".
This is a verse translation by Ali Salami:

Human beings are limbs of one body indeed;

For, they’re created of the same soul and seed.
When one limb is afflicted with pain,
Other limbs will feel the bane.
He who has no sympathy for human suffering,
Is not worthy of being called a human being.
And by Richard Jeffrey Newman:[33]

All men and women are to each other

the limbs of a single body, each of us drawn
from life’s shimmering essence, God’s perfect pearl;
and when this life we share wounds one of us,
all share the hurt as if it were our own.
You, who will not feel another’s pain,
you forfeit the right to be called human.
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon used this
variant in Tehran :

All human beings are members of one frame,

Since all, at first, from the same essence came.
When time afflicts a limb with pain
The other limbs at rest cannot remain.
If thou feel not for other’s misery
A human being is no name for thee.
This version was delivered by Bowinn Ma, Minister of State for
Infrastructure, British Columbia, Canada, in the BC Parliament:

• Human beings are members of a whole

In creation, of one essence and soul
If one member is inflicted with pain
Other members, uneasy will remain
If you have no sympathy for human pain
The name of human you cannot retain.
• Chief among these works is Goethe's West-Oestlicher Divan. 
Andre du Ryer was the first European to present Saadi to the West, by
means of a partial French translation of Gulistan in 1634. Adam
Olearius followed soon with a complete translation of the Bustan and
the Gulistan into German in 1654.
In his Lectures on Aesthetics, Hegel wrote (on the Arts
translated by Henry Paolucci, 2001, p. 155–157):
• Pantheistic poetry has had, it must be said, a higher and freer
development in the Islamic world, especially among the Persians ...
The full flowering of Persian poetry comes at the height of its
complete transformation in speech and national character, through
Mohammedanism ... In later times, poetry of this order [Ferdowsi's
epic poetry] had a sequel in love epics of extraordinary tenderness
and sweetness; but there followed also a turn toward the didactic,
where, with a rich experience of life, the far-traveled Saadi was
master before it submerged itself in the depths of the pantheistic
mysticism taught and recommended in the extraordinary tales and
legendary narrations of the great Jalal-ed-Din Rumi.
• Alexander Pushkin, one of Russia's most celebrated poets, quotes
Saadi in his work Eugene Onegin, "as Saadi sang in earlier ages, 'some
are far distant, some are dead'."[37] Gulistan was an influence on the
fables of Jean de La Fontaine.[21] Benjamin Franklin in one of his works,
DLXXXVIII A Parable on Persecution, quotes one of Bustan of Saadi's
parable, apparently without knowing the source.[38] 
Ralph Waldo Emerson was also interested in Sadi's writings,
contributing to some translated editions himself. Emerson, who read
Saadi only in translation, compared his writing to the Bible in terms of
its wisdom and the beauty of its narrative.
• Voltaire was very thrilled with his works especially Gulistan, even he
enjoyed being called "Saadi" in his friends' circle.
• U.S. President Barack Obama quoted the first two lines of this poem
in his New Year's greeting to the people of Iran on March 20, 2009,
"But let us remember the words that were written by the poet Saadi,
so many years ago: 'The children of Adam are limbs to each other,
having been created of one essence.'“
• In 1976, a crater on Mercury was named in his honor.