J P S K L U N M Q C

G E Y D M A O D U M
U R D N F R I N O O
S Q E I O G T E G R
O A Z E R T A I V T
R W N E D P T G T A
I V G N B E P U W L
Y N T L X A M S L D
A S L O T H E Y U G
D E V A R G T H S F
N O I S S I M O T Z
 DEFINITION OF SIN
➢It is an offense against
reason, truth, and right
conscience.
➢It is a failure in genuine
love for God and neighbor.
➢It wounds the nature of
the human person and
injures human solidarity.
SIN IS FAILURE TO LOVE
CONCEPT OF SIN IN SACRED SCRIPTURES
OLD TESTAMENT
➢Sin is often looked upon as a
transgression of God’s law
and will.
➢The sin of Adam and Eve
is not only the “original”
but also the typical
infidelity of humankind.
DEGREES OF SIN
MORTAL
Derived from the Latin “mors” meaning death

A morally wrong decision which is so intensive that

it gives a wrong orientation to man’s life.
A sin which causes a total break in our relationship
with God.
DIVISION OF SIN
INTERNAL SINS
Internal sins occur in the mind.
They are found in thought and desire.

Kinds of Internal Sins

1) mental complacency in sinful imaginations;
2) sinful joy in an evil deed and sinful regret
3) evil desire
4) prejudice or bias
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS
1) MENTAL COMPLACENCY IN SINFUL IMAGINATIONS

Takes pleasure in sinful thoughts or desires

without the intention of bringing these into
act.
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS
2) SINFUL JOY

Takes pleasure in an evil deed

done to another.
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS
3) SINFUL REGRET

Disappointment in not having

performed an evil deed.
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS
4) EVIL DESIRE

The desire or resolution to perform

a sinful action
KINDS OF INTERNAL SINS
5) PREJUDICE OR BIAS

-A preconceived judgment or opinion

that causes injury to another
person’s rights.
CAPITAL SINS

They are called capital not

because they are always
necessarily grave, but
because they easily
become vices and sources
of many other sins.
 “A capital vice is that which
has an exceedingly desirable
end so that in his desire for it a
man goes on to the commission
of many sins all of which are
said to originate in that vice as
their chief source.”

St. Thomas Aquinas

 PRIDE OR VAIN GLORY
➢inordinate desire of honor and
distinction and independence.
❑ it is opposed to the virtue of humility
 AVARICE OR GREED

➢ The inordinate pursuit of material goods desiring

what belongs to others, lead in to dishonesty,
stealing, and injustice.
 ENVY

➢ is discontent over the good of one’s

neighbor, which is considered detrimental
to one’s own person.

➢ it is opposed to brotherliness
 LUST

➢ The inordinate craving for sexual

gratification

➢ Opposed to the virtue of chastity

 GLUTTONY

➢ excessive enjoyment of food and drink

➢ opposed to temperance
 ANGER

➢ the intemperate outburst of dislike with

the inordinate desire for another’s
punishment

➢ opposed to patience
 SLOTH

➢ Laziness in wider sense

➢ In a narrow sense, it means religious spiritual
sloth, a turning away from spiritual things
because of the effort which they require
➢ Opposed to piety and love of God
NEW CAPITAL
SINS (VATICAN II)
✓SEVEN NEW CAPITAL SINS. 1. Polluting
2. Genetic engineering
3. Obscene riches
4. Taking drugs
5. Abortion
6. Pedophilia
7. Causing social
injustice
IMPACT OF A SINFULLY DISTORTED
WORLD
Man is often turned
away from doing good
and urged to evil by the
social environment in
which he lives and in
which he is immersed
since the day of his
birth.
SIN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FILIPINO CULTURE

• “PAGKAKAMALI”
• A wrongdoing
• “PAGKUKULANG”
• Failure or deficiency
• “PAGKASIRA”
• Damage
“The sin of the century is the
loss of the sense of sin”

(Pius XII)
1. A leader motivates others towards a:

Common goal
Leadership style
High salary
Leadership skill
2. All of the following are characteristics of
a good leader EXCEPT:
Intelligent
Arrogant
Hardworking
Honest
3. Your boss is away on business, but everyone has
done the job before. Everyone really likes their job and
the group is close - in fact, the employees often
socialize after work as a group. A major crisis occurs
that involves everyone, but you can't call the boss.

Which leadership style would be appropriate?

Authoritarian
Participative
Laissez-faire
4. Under this leadership members often
feel engaged in the process and are more
motivated and creative.

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire
5. Provides clear expectations for
what needs to be done and how it
should be done.
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire
6. Which of the following is a disadvantage
of laissez-faire leadership?
a. Employees creativity isn't usually
considered and employees could become
demotivated
b. Employees are scared of management
and are not allowed to make decisions
c. It is unclear who takes responsibility and
can lead to poor performance if
inexperienced staff aren't supported
7. Participative leadership has which of the
following characteristics?
a. Employs a clear chain of command.
b. Believe success arises from leaders and
staff working together.
c. Seeks to pick up the mood of the
audience.
d. Seeks to involve staff in the decision
making process.
8. What are some of the skills of a
good leader?
a. Worrying and giving minimal
feedback
b. Planning, communicating, and
decision-making
c. Patience, empathy, creativity, and
reliability
9. Which of the following is a
advantage of laissez-faire style of
leadership?
a. It leaves room for decision making
to more innovative
b. Roles of responsibility are clearer
c. It makes employees feel more
supported
10. Which of the following is a
advantage of autocratic leadership?
a. It is an innovative style of leadership
b. Decisions are made quickly and by
the most experienced members of
staff
c. Employees ideas and creativity are
not usually considered
11. The following are all
leadership styles:
a. Persuasive, Confident, Laissez-faire
b. Autocratic, Consultative, Authentic
c. Authoritarian, Participative,
Supportive
d. Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-
faire
12. Which is NOT a characteristic of an
autocratic leadership style
a. Decisions can be made very quickly
b. The manager encourages team
work
c. Employees don’t get a say in the
process of decision making
13. Any person who influences a
person or a group to accomplish goals
and be successful is a definition of?
Learning
A BFF
Leadership
 14. This leader encourages group
members to participate, but
retains the final say over the
decision-making process.
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire
15. Provides clear expectations for
what needs to be done and how it
should be done.
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez-faire