Benefits and Risk Associated with

Exercise

ZURIATI BINTI MUSTAPHA

KPTM
BS101
 Hypokinetic
disease

It is a disease related with

inactivity or lack of
physical activity
HYPOKINETIC & NON-HYPOKINETIC
CONDITIONS
Hypokinetic condition Non – hypokinetic condition
 Cardiovascular disease (CVD)  Arthritis
 Hypertension
 Asthma
 Cancer (colon, rectal – male)
 Breast cancer (female)
 Infections
 Diabetes  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
 Osteoporosis
 Back pain and other musculoskeletal problem
 Obesity
 Mental (emotional state)
 Disease (Cardiovascular Disease)

 Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or

blocked blood vessels./
 Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
 The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, an
unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol
 estimated 17.1 million people die of CVDs each year.

World Health Organization (WHO), 2016

CVD’s terminology
 coronary heart disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the
heart muscle;
 cerebrovascular disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying
the brain;
 peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels supplying the
arms and legs;
 rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart
valves
 congenital heart disease – malformations of heart structure
existing at birth;
World Health Organization (WHO), 2016
How exercise prevent CVD’s

 the heart becomes stronger as a result of

exercise
 Resting heart rate become slower
  reduce cholesterol and fat levels
 The American Heart Association
recommends that individuals perform
moderately-intense exercise for at least 30
minutes on most days of the week
 HYPERTENSION
 Also known as high blood pressure - is a condition in which the blood
vessels have persistently raised pressure.
 Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)
 Normal adult blood pressure ( systolic/diastolic blood pressure) - 120 mm
Hg/80 mm Hg
 systolic blood pressure –
the highest pressure in blood vessels and happens when the heart contracts, or
beats.
 diastolic blood pressure –
the lowest pressure in blood vessels in between heartbeats when the heart
muscle relaxes
 HYPERTENSION
CAUSES SYMPTOMS
 consumption of food containing  Most hypertensive people have no
too much salt and fat, and not symptoms at all.
eating enough fruit and vegetables  Sometimes hypertension causes
 harmful levels of alcohol use symptoms such as :
 physical inactivity and lack of  -headache,
exercise  -shortness of breath,
 poor stress management.  -dizziness,
 -chest pain,
 -nose bleeds.
 How exercise prevent
Hypertension
Llifestyle modification
 endurance exercise reduce the blood pressure
(ACSM, 2004)
  Intensity: moderate-intensity
 Time: > or = 30 min of continuous or
accumulated physical activity per day.
 Type: primarily endurance physical activity
supplemented by resistance exercise. (ACSM,
2004).
 Example: walking, brisk walking, swimming
The impact of exercise on
hypokinetic conditions
 Exercise & Back pain and other
musculoskeletal problem
 Typical causes are trauma (e.g., sports injury,
lifting, or bending and disorders such as
arthritis, and aging.
 Exercise will faster the recovery compare to
total bed rest.
 Improves muscle strength and endurance and
flexibility.
 Avoid over-restriction of activities
(American College of Sport Medidine, 2013)
 EXERCISE & OBESITY
 Exercise Can Help Control Weight
 Maintain BMI (Normal – 18.5 kg/m – 24.9 kg/m)
 Resistancetraining and circuit training research has shown
meaningful changes in body composition (Marx et al.
2001).
 Info (KOSMO, OCTOBER
2016)
 Malaysia adalah negara yang mempunyai jumlah penduduk
gemuk tertinggi iaitu seramai 13.8 juta orang diikuti Thailand
dan Singapura.

“Di negara Asia Tenggara ini, memang Malaysia yang paling

gemuk, 44.5 peratus penduduk mempunyai Indeks Jisim Tubuh
(BMI) lebih daripada 25.


 
Obesity…fact
 Exercise & Mental
(emotional state)
 Reduce depression especially female
adolescent.
 Promote better sleep – avoid insomnia
 Increase self-esteem and better self-
perception.
 (ACSM, 2016)
  increased ability for the body to
supply blood to the brain.
Non -hypokinetic conditions
 EXERCISE & ARTHRITIS
 ACSM Guidelines.
 Aerobic conditioning (30 to 60 minutes on five days per week),
resistance training (one set, major muscle groups, two times per
week) and flexibility activities.
 Benefits:
 Decreased joint pain and stiffness.
 Improved or maintained joint motion.
 Improved ability to do activities such as getting in and out of a
car or going up and down stairs.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
OSTEOARTHRITIS
 Exercise & Asthma

 Asthma is a the most common respiratory disorders.

 Exercise & Infections

 Exercise improves immune functions.

 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
 Exercise relieving PMS symptoms – hormone balance
 Regular and moderate intensity exercise can reduce PMS.
 (Articles from Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India,2012)
 Hypokinetic Disease Risk Factor

Factors can be altered Factors can’t be altered

• Body fatness
• Diet
• Disease  Age
• Regular exercise  Heredity
• smoking  Gender
• stress  Ethnicity
Can be alter/modified
Cannot be alter/modified
Thank you