ELE LITE: LIV-

ING IN THE IT
ERA
ENGR. RONINA R. CAOILI-TAYUAN and
ENGR. MIA V. ELEAZAR
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUC-
TION TO INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:

1. define ICT
2. trace the evolution of technology, particularly computers
3. identify the different parts of the computer system, and categorize
the different computer peripherals
4. assess why computers are considered powerful thinking machines
5. explain the role of technology in media and how it affects
communication, and
6. recognize the current trends in information technology
 CHAPTER OVERVIEW
01 OPENING ACTIVITY
Small Group Discussion

02 KEY TERMS
Important Keywords in the Chapter

03 ICT: AN OVERVIEW
What is Information and Communications Technology

04 IT VERSUS ICT
Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of ICT
 CHAPTER OVERVIEW
05 EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
Old and new ones will be discussed

06 HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Computer Generations will be discussed

07 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Input and Output devices will be identified

08 WHY COMPUTERS ARE POWERFUL?

Classifying computers will be the focused
 CHAPTER OVERVIEW
09 DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE AND COM-
PUTER AGE

10 MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Evolution of Media will be discussed

11 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS

Impact of ICT on Individuals, Organizations & Society

12 ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT

The right usage of the technology will be dis-
cussed
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATIONS TECH-
NOLOGY (ICT)
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY: AN
OVERVIEW
Introduction to Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

TECHNOLOGY ICT BELONGINGNESS

Advancements in com- Facilitate the transfer of “Human need to belong”

munication and how in- information and various
formation is handled types of electronically
mediated communication

ICT
Information and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION BUSINESS/IT
Communications
Technology • Skills and Competen- • Architectures
• Mobile Signal Infra-
cies • Devices
structure
• Devices/Tools
• Mobile Devices
• Pedagogies

Information
Technology (IT)
• Pertains to the industry
that involves computers,
software, networking,
and other IT infrastruc-
ture to help relay or
manage information im-
portant in modern-day
living as seen primarily
in large companies or
corporations.
• IT is a subset of ICT as
the technology used in
the field of IT aids in the
use of ICT (Wang,
2016).
Informations
and Communi-
cations Tech-
nology (ICT)
• Often used in a more
general sense, and is
described as using
computers and other
digital technologies to
assist individuals or in-
stitutions in handling or
using information.
• Is technology that
supports activities in-
volving information
such as gathering,
processing, storing,
and presenting data.
• These activities also
involve collaboration
and communication.
 BREAKDOWN OF ICT
Living in the Information Technology Era

INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Refers to the knowl-
edge obtained from
reading, investigation,
study or research.
An act of transmitting
messages. Information
is exchanged between
individuals through ver-
bal and non-verbal.
Evolved in ways that
improve people’s daily
activities.
EVOLUTION OF
TECHNOLOGY
The concept of technology always starts
with the basic tool.
• 1st picture: The concept of a wheel has
also made transportation much easier,
and enabled people to more several ob-
jects from one place to another.
By combining a set of tools, people have
come up with machines that can do the
tasks faster and more efficiently.
• 2nd picture: A single-wheel transportation
tool has inspired the creation of a ma-
chine capable of transporting, not just
objects, but also passengers.
Most machines, including computers, have
evolved through the process of automa-
tion.
• 3rd picture and 4th picture: As an example
of automation is defined as “the tech-
nique of making an apparatus, a process
or a system operate automatically”.
 HISTORY OF COMPUTER
Living in the Information Technology Era

1ST GENERATION 2nd GENERATION 3rd GENERATION

ENIAC was de- TRANSISTORS IC invented by
signed by Eck- was used as the Kilby was used
ert and Mauchly. interior sections to build the
of the computer. computer.
1946-1959 1959-1965 1965-1971

1971-1980 1980-Onwards 2019

4th GENERATION 5th GENERATION AUTOMATION
VLSI were used ULSI technology Everything is
to build comput- having 10 million just one-click
ers. electronic com- away.
ponents.
 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Introduction to Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

• A computer is an elec-
tronic device that manipu-
lates information or data.
• It has the ability to store,
retrieve, and process data.
• It contains both hardware
components and software
applications.
Input Devices Output Devices System Unit Storage Devices

• Computers are powerful

for a variety of reasons.
• They work with remark-
able speed, reliability,
consistency, and accuracy.
• Allow users to communi-
cate with other users and
computers. RELIABILITY AND
SPEED ACCURACY COMMUNICATION
CONSISTENCY
 CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS
Computers can be classified based on size and computing power.

Personal Computer Workstation Minicomputer Mainframe

Is a small, single-user Is a powerful, single- Is a multi-user com- Is a powerful multi-user
computer based on a user computer. Has puter capable of sup- computer capable of
microprocessor. powerful microproces- porting from 10 to hun- supporting hundreds or
sor and high-quality dreds of users simulta- thousands of users si-
monitor. neously. multaneously.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Specialized computers are now classified according to specific uses.

DESKTOP COMPUTERS
01 Are computers designed to be placed on a desk, and are nor-
mally made up of few different parts, including the computer
case, CPU, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
LAPTOP COMPUTERS
-40 02 Are battery-powered computer devices whose portability makes
them possible to use almost anytime, anywhere.

TABLET COMPUTERS
03 Are hand-held computers with touch-sensitive screen for typing
and navigation.
SMARTPHONES and SMART TVs
Are hand-held telephones which can do things that computers
04 can do, including browsing and searching the internet and even
playing console games. / Include applications present in com-
puters.
WEARABLES
05 Include fitness trackers and smartwatches that can be worn
throughout the day.
DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE, AND COM-
PUTER AGE
Introduction to Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

DIGITAL AGE
Used inter-
changeably

INFORMATION
AGE
Shift from tradi-
tional industry to
information tech-
nology-based

COMPUTER AGE
Digital industry
creating a
knowledge-base
society
 • The MESSAGE: is considered to be the message itself for

MEDIA IN THE those who create and own rights of content.

• The MEDIUM: refers to the tool or tools used in sending a
message from the source to the destination.
DIGITAL AGE • The MESSENGER: is the one who delivers the message.
 EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
Discussion
The media has transformed itself based
on two things: (1) and (2).
• Woodcut printing on cloth or on pa-
per was used in the early 15th cen-
tury.
• 1436 when Johannes Gutenberg
started working on a printing press
which used relief printing and a mold-
ing system. 1. How connection is established 1. How information is presented
• Modern printing press delivers mes-
sages in print, such as newspapers,
textbooks, and magazines.
• 1900s, broadcasting and recorded
media were introduced. Radio and
television were used to send sound
and video to homes and offices
through electromagnetic spectrum or
radio waves.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT
TRENDS
DISCUSSION A trend refers to something hip or popular at a certain point
in time. It can be a particular style in fashion, devices, or en-
tertainment. A new trend may always come along to replace
the old one.

Technology is bound to upgrade itself every two years

(Moore’s Law).

In an article from Forbes.com, DeMers (2016) identified

seven major trends in 2017.

1. IoT and Smart Home Technology

2. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
3. Machine Learning
4. Automation
5. Big Data
6. Physical-Digital Integrations
7. Everything on Demand
 IMPACT OF ICT ON INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS,
AND SOCIETY
ICT brings both negative and positive effects to individuals, organizations and society. It improves education, ac-
cess to information, and security. However, it limits personal interaction and physical activity and poses problems
in employment and security.

POSITIVE EFFECTS

Improve access to educa-

tion
New ways of learning such as
the use of LMS which imple-
ments educational enhance-
ments such as distance learning
and online tutorials, virtual real-
ity, and interactive media.
Access to information and
communication
Internet is widely used in com-
munication. Access to it is get-
ting better as it has become
available in almost all places
such as commercial establish-
ments and public spaces.
Security
Individuals and organizations
can solve any security problems.
Examples of security measures:
use of (1) encryption, (2) pass-
words, and (3) development of
physical security.
 IMPACT OF ICT ON INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS,
AND SOCIETY
ICT brings both negative and positive effects to individuals, organizations and society. It improves education, ac-
cess to information, and security. However, it limits personal interaction and physical activity and poses problems
in employment and security.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

Reduced personal interac-

tion and physical activity
Virtual communication, ironically,
people are less likely to talk to or
meet each other in person. Phys-
ical activity is reduced leading to
health issues due to comfort of
working from home and the en-
tertainment that internet offers.
Job loss or increase in
unemployment
This can be considered as one
of the worst effects of ICT.
• Multiple workers
• Shipping or freight services
• Automation through robots
or machines
Security
ICT brings not only improve-
ment but also threat to secu-
rity. Data or files must always
be kept secure and safe. The
internet connection must al-
ways be safeguarded from dif-
ferent attacks.
1. PLAGIARISM: an act of
ETHICAL ISSUES IN
theft in which a person
copies another person’s
ideas, words, or writings,
ICT
etc. and pass them off as
his or her own.
2. EXPLOITATION: an action
in which one deals with a
person dishonesty, unethi-
cally, and dishonorably, in
order to take advantage of
the latter’s works and/or
resources.
3. LIBEL: can either be an
insult, slur, or slander. Ei-
ther written or spoken or
even through actions, it
may lead to libel if the ac-
cusation is not true and
without any piece of evi-
dence.
 THANK YOU!
CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Information and Communications Technology (ICT)