ME 2301: Metallic Material Science

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Md. Ramjan Ali

Asst. Prof., Dept. of ME
DUET, Gazipur
The World of Materials

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 2

Definition

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 3

Advantages of Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 4

Components in a Composite Material

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 5

Functions of the Matrix Material (Primary
Phase)

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 6

The Reinforcing Phase (Secondary Phase)

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 7

Factors in Creating Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 8

Factors in Creating Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 9

Classification

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 10

Large Particle Reinforced Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 11

Dispersion Strengthened Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 12

Particulate Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 13

Filler Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 14

Fiber Reinforced Composites (FRP)

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 15

Short Fiber Reinforced Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 16

Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 17

Typical Reinforcement Geometries for
Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 18

Other Composite Structures

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 19

Classification Based on Matrices

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 20

Role of Matrix Phase

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 21

Polymer Matrix Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 22

Matrix & Reinforcement

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 23

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 24

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 25

Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 26

Metal Matrix Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 27

Ceramic Matrix Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 28

Hybrid Composites

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 29

Applications

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 30

Disadvantages and Limitations of Composite
Materials

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 31

 TRIBOLOGY

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 32

Tribology

• Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in

relative motion. The term tribology is derived from the Greek word
tribo – meaning (to rub) by Professor Peter Jost in 1966. Although the
term itself was not coined until 1966, there are images of tribology in
action from as long ago as ancient Egypt, when early tribologists used oil
to help facilitate sliding of large statues. Generally, tribology includes
three key topics: friction, wear and lubrication.

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 33

Friction

• Friction is, by definition, the resistance to motion. The magnitude of

this resistance is a function of the materials, geometries and surface
features of the bodies in contact, as well as the operating conditions and
environment. It is often desirable to minimize friction to order to
maximize the efficiency of a component or process.

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 34

Wear

• Wear is the loss/damage/removal of materials, usually due to sliding.

Typically wear is undesirable as it can lead to increased friction and
ultimately to component failure. Like friction, wear is typically
minimized by using a lubricant to separate the two bodies so that they
do not directly touch one another.

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 35

Lubricants and Lubrication

• Lubricants are primarily used to separate two sliding surfaces to minimize

friction and wear. They also perform other functions, such as carrying heat and
contaminants away from the interface. Lubricants are often liquids, typically
consisting of oil and added chemicals, called additives, which help the oils, better
perform specific functions. However, there are some applications where
lubricants can be gases (nitrogen) or even solids (graphite).

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 36

Role of Tribology in Energy Efficiency
• Tribology is particularly important in today's world because so much
energy is lost to friction in mechanical components. To use less energy,
we need to minimize the amount that is wasted. Significant energy is
lost due to friction in sliding interfaces. Therefore, finding ways to
minimize friction and wear through new technologies in tribology is
critical to a greener and more sustainable world. Global energy
consumption is expected to grow in upcoming years, straining both
resources and the environment. At the same time, a huge amount of
energy is lost to friction: for example, about 33% of energy is wasted
annually due to friction in passenger cars globally.

•
1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 37
• Further waste occurs due to wear of contacting materials, as the energy
required to replace parts is substantial, and the economic, environmental, and
safety costs of wear-induced failures can be extensive. Moreover, many of the
challenges facing new energy efficient technologies - such as wind turbines - are
tribological in nature. Therefore, tribology is critically important to addressing
some of the world's key issues related to energy efficiency and the economic
and societal implications of energy usage.

1/30/23 Md. Ramjan Ali, Asst. Prof., ME, DUET 38