As the name suggests, it is used

to view enlarged or magnified

images of objects or read the
small calibrations marked on
many equipment. It has a convex
lens for object enlargement and
usually has a wooden handle to
hold it.
A microscope is a popular lab
apparatus used to observe things
that are too tiny to be observed by
the naked human eye. There are
many different types of
microscopes. A light microscope
uses lights and a series of
magnifying lenses to observe a tiny
specimen. On the other hand, an
electron microscope uses a beam of
electrons to form a magnified
image and, thus, is more powerful.
Every lab is equipped with a basic
thermometer as many times, certain
chemical or biological reactions can
be carried out in any particular
temperature range only and so to
proceed, the thermometer becomes
very necessary to measure the
temperature of the required solution
before moving forward with further
reaction procedure.
When we perform experiments in the
laboratories, we deal with very small
quantities of reagents usually in the
units of micro or mini grams. With a
general physical balance, it is tough
to get the desired and exact
amounts of the reagents and so
these weighing machines come into
the picture. These machines help in
measuring very small units of
substances in terms of weight.
It is also referred to as a newton
meter. The scale is used to
measure the weight of an object
by the tension of a spring. It
consists of spring on one side and
a hook on the other.
It works by the principle of Hooke's
law, which states that the force
applied to an elastic object is
directly proportional to the
extension provided the elastic limit
is not reached. This force gauge
only measures weight and not
mass.
Beakers are another cylindrical
utensil made up of glass, with a flat
bottom and an upper opening, which
may or may not have a spout. They
are of varying sizes and are used to
hold, heat, or mix substances with
the proper measure. Beakers come in
every size from tiny 20 ml cups to
liter-sized buckets, and everything in
between - but 250-500 ml beakers
are most common.
Tongs, though not much in use, are
common and basic apparatus in any
lab. They are used to grasp and lift
hot vessels and harmful substances
during any kind of reaction taking
place in the lab. Many fingers have
burned due to careless handling of
hot or dangerous substances in labs.
Therefore, make it a habit to handle
things with tongs unless you are
absolutely sure otherwise.
Erlenmeyer flasks hold
solids or liquids that may
release gases during a
reaction or that are likely to
splatter if stirred or heated.
It has a large bulbous body on the
bottom, which may have a flattened or
round bottom. the body has a long
narrow neck, good for plugging a
stopper. Sometimes they will be
graduated, meaning there will be
volume scales printed on the side so
that you can measure how much liquid
is in the flask. They are generally
made of borosilicate glass, or
hardened glass if you need to heat the
contents to a higher temperature.
Rarely used in first year
chemistry, it is used for the
mixing of chemicals.
Narrow neck prevents
splash exposure.
A graduated cylinder
is used to measure
volumes of liquids.
They are usually cylindrical pipes made
up of glass, with a circular opening on
one side and a rounded bottom on the
other side. They come in different
sizes but the most common standard
size is 18*150 mm. Test tubes are one
of the most important apparatus as
they are functional from storing to
mixing reagents in any chemical or
biological reactions.
A test tube holder is
useful for holding a
test tube which is too
hot to handle.
Brushes serve as the cleansing
apparatus of the test tubes, as they are
the only things that can get fit into the
narrow-mouthed test tubes and other
cylindrical and narrow objects.

Test tube brushes are used to clean test

tubes and graduated cylinders.
Test tube racks are for
holding and organizing test
tubes on the laboratory
counter.
After washing flip test tube
over on wooden peg to dry.
Rubber stoppers are used to close
containers to avoid spillage or
contamination.
Containers should never be
heated when there is a stopper in
place.
A glass rod is used to manually stir
solutions. It can also be used to
transfer a single drop of a solution.
Laboratory tweezers and
forceps are small tools useful
in a range of laboratory and
other working environments
for gripping and manipulating
small or delicate objects.
Funnels are necessary equipment
to pour substances and solutions
in narrow-mouthed test tubes and
conical flasks. There is variety of
its available, most common ones
are filter, thistle, and dropping
funnels.
This apparatus is more
commonly found in
chemistry laboratories and
is made up of a concave
piece of glass. It is
normally used to hold
solids, evaporate liquids,
and heat small quantities
of different substances as
per the need of the
experiment.
The wash bottles are laboratory
consumables used for
cleansing and sterilization
purposes. These bottles are
made up of plastic, which
serves as a squeezy container
with a long nozzle. They mostly
contain distilled water, ethanol
or deionized water.
The evaporating dish is used
for the heating of stable
solid compounds and
elements.
Crucibles are made up of
porcelain and are used to
store and heat substances
when required to be heated
at high temperatures since
glassware are not always
suitable for such high heat
involving experiments.
Use mortar and pestle chemistry
sets to crush up solid chemicals
into smaller pieces, or to grind
solids into fine powder. This makes
it easier to dissolve solids into
solvents (when making solutions).

A mortar and pestle chemistry set

has two pieces. The pestle is
shaped like a club and is used for
crushing. The mortar is the bowl in
which you place the chemical.
This apparatus produces a single
open flame and it is used for
heating and sterilization purposes
in the various experiments
conducted in labs. A laboratory
often needs a lot of things heated
or boiled, and a bunsen burner
was tailor-made for this purpose.
It runs on standard LPG fuel and
can reach a fairly respectable
temperature, unlike a spirit lamp.
These two cannot be called
apparatus in a proper way, but
they serve as one of the most
important and basic things that
will be required in any kind of
laboratories. The litmus paper
serves to identify the pH of any
solution by changing colors
whereas, the filter paper serves
in the filtration process.
Red litmus paper is used to identify bases.
Blue litmus paper is used to identify acids.
RINGSTAND

Ring stands are a safe and

convenient way to perform
reactions that require heating
using a Bunsen burner.
UTILITY
CLAMPS
Utility clamps are used to
secure test tubes, distillation
columns, and burets to the
ringstand.
IRON RING

Iron rings connect to a ring

stand and provide a stable,
elevated platform for the
reaction.
CLAY
TRIANGLE
The clay triangle is used as
a support for porcelain
crucibles when being
heated over a Bunsen
burner.
WIRE
GAUZE
Wire gauze sits on the
iron ring to provide a
place to stand a beaker.
DOUBLE BURETTE
CLAMPS

Double Buret clamps

are used to burets –
long graduated tubes
used in titration.
Triangular files are used
primarily to cut glass rod, a skill
that your instructor will share
with you when it becomes
useful.
We use gas collecting
bottles when large
volumes of gases are
produced, and must be
collected by the
displacement of water.
The dropper, also known as Pasteur
pipette, is a common small apparatus,
usually made up of plastic or glass
cylinder, having a small nozzle on one
side and a rubber holder on the other. It is
used to put the liquids or solutions in any
medium dropwise, that is, one drop at a
time, a piece of necessary equipment
when any reagent is required in an
extremely small amount in a solution.
A Mohr Pipet is a graduated pipet
that is designed to deliver small
portions of a liquid or solution.
These portions are determined by
recording the difference between
the initial and final volume
readings.
Glass plates provide a
surface for semi-micro
scale experiments, such as
drop reactions and testing
of acids and bases.
These laboratory spatulas are very
much similar to the kitchen like
spatulas found in our home but they
are just very smaller in size in
comparison. The spatulas are
usually resistant to heat and acids,
hence making them suitable for
large range use in the laboratory
experiments.
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