DESIGNING OF A DEVICE

TO DETECT LEAKAGE IN
AIR CONDITION PIPES AND
VEINS AT MLIMANI CITY.
INTRODUCTION
Background
• Leakage detector in gas ac is a system that checks the refrigerant leak
in air conditioning system.
• Through the use of acoustic sensors to identify fluctuations in noise
that is imperceptible to human hearing within a process environment
unlike the use of local methods of using soapy spongy water.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• There is much repetition of leakage repair due to some leaks not
easily detected by local methods like soapy water method hence
wastage of time and cost of resources for maintenance.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
• To design a device that will simply, easy the work of detecting leakage
• To design a device for saving time during maintenance
• To be able to determine very small leaks easily
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

• To implement power supply

• To implement sensing unit
• To implement control unit
• To implement indicating unit and output unit
• To build prototype
SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
• It will assist to determine leakage faster hence saves time.
• Reduce cost of maintenance
• Simple and accurate in determining small leaks
METHODOLOGY
• Literature review
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Implementing the circuit
• Circuit simulation
• Building the prototype
• Report writing
LITERATURE REVIEW
Existing system
Here we use soapy water in determining leakage ,using sponge and
detecting bubbles in ac pipes and veins
limitation of the system
• Difficult to determine small leaks
• Time consuming
Block diagram of existing system
SOAPY SPONGY AC VEINS AND
RESULTS
WATER PIPES
LITERATURE REVIEW
Proposed system
Here we use acoustic sensors to detect leakage whereby;
• You passes the sensor in ac pipes and veins it will detect ultrasonic
frequencies and send signal to Lcd display then,
• It will give a sound (buzzer) to signify the leakage part
Advantages
• Reduce cost during maintenance
• Saves time
• Efficient and accurate
LITERATURE REVIEW
Proposed block diagram system

INPUT UNIT/LEAKAGE POWER SUPPLY

GAS

SENSING
CONTROL UNIT DISPLAY UNIT
UNIT

ALERTING UNIT
BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION
• Power supply
This part supply power to the system throughout the functioning of the system.
• Sensing unit
This part detects the changes in resistance , then sends a signal to the control unit.
• The control unit
Accept signals from the sensing unit and drives the signals to the display unit
• Display unit
This displays the results from the sensing unit.
• Output
This part shows the results from the sensing unit
Micro Controller.
• Microcontroller is an integrated circuit designed to govern a specific
operation in an embedded system.
• Arduino is the reference model of the microcontroller family and the
most used of them.
• It is based on Atmel AVR ATmega328 micro controller chip (8-bit)
running at 16 MHz
MICROCONTROLLER DESCRIPTION

Characteristics PIC16F887 AT mega ARM 8051 microcontroller

328/P Microcontroller

Operating voltage (V) 2.0-5.5 1.8-5.5 3.0-3.6 4.0-5.5

Compilers Micro C Pro, Atmel Studio, Arduino ARM compiler Keil

MicroPro suite software

Cost of chip Less expensive Cheap Expensive Cheap

Memory space SRAM is 628 bytes, EEPROM is SRAM is SRAM is 128 SRAM is
256 bytes, Flash’s 2KB, bytes, 128bytes,EEPEOM
8192 words EEPROM is EEPREOM is is 1KB,Flash is
1KB, Flash is 1KB, Flash is 4KB
32KB 16KB

Clock rate 8-20 0-20 0-60 0-33

(MHz)
LCD display (Liquid Crystal Display)
• The 16*2 LCD display has two lines of 16 characters each, to display
letters, numbers and symbols.
• The LCD display has low current consumption and has 16 pins for
power, data and control.
 List of various types of LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display)
Characteristics Seven segment LCD display LCD bar graph Matrix

Operating voltage 2-5 4.5-5.5 5 5

(V)
Cost Low Low Moderate High

Display capability Display only It displays It displays graphs It display

numbers alphanumeric alphanumeric by dot
Dimension 1x1 16x2, 20x4 16x2 Variable dimension
Resistor

• This is passive two terminal electrical components that implements

electrical resistance as a circuit element.
• Resistors act to reduce current flow and at the same time act to
lower voltage levels within circuits.
 TRANSFORMER

• Transformer is in use in countless electronic products and appliances. Its function

is to change voltage values but in this its step down transformer.

FIGURE: A transformer
 REGULATOR

• Is a simple voltage regulator IC which regulates the voltage to 12V,

which means it, gives a fixed 12V regulated voltage. It is a monolithic
3 terminal regulator IC.

FIGURE: Regulator 7805

 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

• An LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits light when an electric current passes through it.

• The resistance of the ballast resistor is easy to calculate with Ohm’s law and
Kirchhoff’s circuit laws.
 BUZZER

• The buzzer is configured to alert the blind user when detecting an

obstacle.
• A motor produces vibration while a buzzer gives out a ringing sound.
• This Buzzer can be used by simply powering it using DC power supply
ranging from 4V to 9V.
• A simple 9V battery can also be used, but it is recommended to use a
regulated +5V or +6V DC supply.
 GAS SENSOR

• Gas sensors are devices that help us understand the amount of gas in the
environment and the natural state of its movement.
• Gas sensors reveal the amount of gas in the environment and the nature of the gas
composition with electrical signals and can provide its change

• The parameters considered when creating gas sensors are : the type of gas that
needs to be detected, its concentration, and the environment in which the gas is
located.
In order to design leakage detector device the
following should be known through
Research done by interviews;
• What way are technicians use to determine leakage? Soapy system
• It takes how long for a gas leakage to occur?
Depends on appliance age
Amount of coolant in the unit
• For how long does it take to determine leakage? 5to 10 min
Research done through questionnaire;
• What is the material of the pipe and veins? copper and steel
• What is the main cause of leaks? clogged drain line
• What type of gas used in the ac leaks?R22 AND R410
LIST OF REQUIRED COMPONENTS

TOOLS QUANTITY
Digital multimeter 1
Soldering gun 1
Soldering wire 1 roller
Breadboard 1
Printed circuit board 1
Jumpers 30
Gas sensor 1
Buzzer 1
The following table shows the budget of the
material for implementation of the project
S/NO NAME OF THE NUMBER OF COST OF THE
COMPONENTS COMPONENTS COMPONENTS
1. MICROCONTROLLER   1 37,000.00
2. LED   3 3,000.00
3. RESISTORS   7 1,500.00
4. CAPACITORS   5 1,800.00
5. GAS SENSOR   1 12,000.00
6. JUMPER WIRES   20 6,000.00
7. TRANSFORMER   1 12,000.00
8. REGUlATOR   1 5,000.00
9. DIODE   3 1,500.00
10. BREABOARD   1 5,000.00
11. BRIDGER   1 5,000.00
12 CONNECTORS   5 2,500.00
13 SOLDERING WIRE   1ROLLER 7,000.00
14. TOTAL   99,300.00