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VERBAL
REASONING
GROUP 2
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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. What is Verbal Reasoning?

2. Concepts
3. Topics of Verbal Reasoning
4. Banes and Boons of Verbal Reasoning
5. Uses of Verbal Reasoning
6. Resources where we can learn Verbal Reasoning
7. Bibliography
8. Contributions of each team member
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1.WHAT IS VERBAL REASONING?

-Basic definition

-Understanding the logic behind it

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 Verbal reasoning is understanding and reasoning using concepts
framed in words. It aims at evaluating ability to think
constructively, rather than at simple fluency or vocabulary
recognition.

 The learner reads given information or a problem, processes the

information, forms a theory, and evaluates the outcome of the
problem.
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 It involves thinking about text, solving word problems,
following written instructions to come up with a solution,
spotting letter sequences and cracking letter- and
number-based codes. 

 Verbal reasoning exams are intended to test a child’s

ability to understand and reason using words, and are a
test of skill, rather than of learned knowledge.The theory
is that they allow the examining body to build a picture
of a child’s potential for critical thinking, problem-solving
and ultimately, intelligence.

 Verbal reasoning is, in a nutshell, thinking with words.

‘As the name suggests, it’s a form of problem-solving
based around words and language.
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2. CONCEPTS

This section of the presentation briefly elucidates the general elements

relating to verbal reasoning in order of increasing complexity.
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2.1 VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Vocabulary is the knowledge of words' meanings in a language. Grammar refers to the
knowledge of words' proper relation to one another in a language. Both of function as
both prerequisites as well as topics of focus of verbal reasoning. 
As preconditions of verbal reasoning, they are used to form propositions and
arguments. Whereas in the latter capacity they are the subject of analysis and
evaluation, where verbal reasoning synthesizes linguistic information and analyzes
relationships among component parts of sentences, words, and concepts
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2.2 PROPOSITIONS

 The fundamental unit of reasoning is the proposition. A proposition is simply the

inference declared by a sentence, which may either be true or false, but is a fact.
What is to be noted here is that proposition is what is specifically meant by the
sentence or assertion stated, and not the original sentence itself. This is because
the defining feature of a proposition is that it is necessarily making some assertion
which can intelligibly be assigned a truth value. In other words: statements are only
propositions if they are Truth-apt. Let us consider the following two statements:
• "The sky is blue."
• "Tell me your name."
 The first sentence is a regular statement with a positive truth value. Hence it is a
proposition. The next sentence is not a proposition because of its inquisitive nature.
It seeks an answer other than a truth value. For this reason, interrogative and
exclamatory sentences are not propositions.
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2.3 PREMISES AND CONCLUSION

 A premise is a special type of proposition which creates or justifies a conclusion.

Premise is a proposition which, if true, allows for the logical succession from an
assertion to a concluded premise. 
 For example, “John is a bachelor” is a proposition which, if true, leads us to believe
“John is unmarried” as the rightful premise. Premises may be treated somewhat
differently according to the specific type of argument in which they occur. 
 Two types of arguments can induce a premise. In a deductive argument,
premises are often assumed or logically deducted to be true. Contrarily, in an
inductive argument, premises are probabilistically assumed, such that there is
merely a chance for a premise to be true.
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2.4 ARGUMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS

 An argument is a series of premises together with one

or more conclusions. Arguments can serve a variety of
purposes, ranging from determining the degree of truth
of a conclusion, to persuading individuals to accept or
reject some belief(s). As verbal reasoning is used to
create and analyze arguments of language, while at
the same time arguments (using language as their
vehicle) are used to analyze reasoning, there will be
some inevitable degree of overlap between the two.
 This point offers a fitting conclusion to the current
section.
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3. TOPICS OF VERBAL REASONING
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3.1 LOGICAL SEQUENCE OF WORDS
Logical sequence of words is that type of reasoning which consists of
words and we have to find out a sequence which is logical in that context.

1. Bus stand 2. Office 3. Bus 4. Home

A - 3, 2, 1, 4 B - 4, 1, 3, 2

C - 1, 3, 4, 2 D - 2, 1, 3, 4

Answer Option B

First we will come out from home then go to bus stand to catch the bus then we
can reach the office.
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3.2 SITUATION REACTION TEST

 In this topic, you are given one situation and are asked to
choose a suitable reaction for that situation.
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 Q.. Three persons A,B and C wore shirts of White, Black and Blue colours (not
necessarily in that order) and pants of Green, Red and White colours (not necessarily in
that order). No persons wore shirts and pants of same colour. And further it is given that

 I.A did not wear shirt of Black colour.

 II. B did not wear shirt of Blue colour.

 III. C did not wear shirt of White colour.

 IV. A did not wear pants of Green colour.

 V. B wear pant of White colour.

--What were the colours of the pant and shirt wear by person A respectively?   

Answer Red and White 

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3.3 BLOOD RELATIONS
 Blood relation logical problems mainly deal with the
hierarchical structure of a family. Different
relationships between the family members of
different generations will be given.

 Q-Pointing to a photograph of a boy Mr. Ram said,

“He is the son of the only son of my mother.” How is
Mr. Ram related to that boy?

Solution Step 1: There is a photograph and Mr. Ram. The photograph is of a man and hence
two squares are represented. But the relationship of Mr. Ram with the person in the
photograph is not known yet.

Step 2: The second line says Mr. Ram has a mother. Mr. Ram is the only son of
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3.4 VENN DIAGRAM
 It's a process of showing the complex relationship between 2–3
categories as a diagram through various geometric structures.

 Q-Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between

Travelers, Train and Bus ?

Answer
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3.5 DECISION MAKING
 Decision Making is the process in which an outcome is derived by analyzing the given
information. The objective is to reach a specific conclusion from the given data.
 Q- As a citizen, you have some work with a government department. The officials call
you again and again and without directly asking you sends out feelers for a bribe. You
want to get your work done you would.
 A. Give a bribe.
 B. Behaves as, If you have not understood the feelers and persist with your application.
 C. Go to the higher officer for help and verbally complain about feelers.
 D. Send in a format complaint
Answer Option (A) is not correct and ethically not permitted. Option (B) will not solve your problem
giving a written complaint about the feeler as mentioned in Option(D) is logically not correct.
So best course of action is to go to the higher officer for help and verbally Complaining
about feelers.
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3.6 ASSERTION REASON
 This type of reasoning questions consists of two
statements; an assertion (statement of fact) and a
reason (explanation for the assertion). You have to
determine whether each statement is correct. If both
the statements are correct, you have to determine
whether the reason supports the assertion.

 Assertion (A): When lightning strikes, the sound is

heard a little after the flash is seen.
Reason (R): The velocity of light is greater than that of
the sound.

Answer R provides the correct reason for A.

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3.7 ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

One word substitution is a process in which people use

one word to replace a wordy phrase, to make the
sentence structure more clear. This also makes work
more succinct, instead of convoluted.

For example, if you have a sentence that states

‘He drives me in a vehicle around town.’ instead you
can use ‘He chauffeurs me around town.’ The meaning
is identical, yet the sentence is shorter.
These are several one word substitutions that are
used frequently.

 A person who pushes an idea or belief system

they do not believe - Hypocrite
 To fall apart over time - Disintegrate 
 A copy of something that is identical
- Facsimile 
 Old age that results in odd and unique behaviors
- Senility 
 A smart and educated individual - Intellectual
 Someone who is driven by passion to do crazy
things - Zealot 
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3.10 ALPHABET TEST

 In this test, the question asked is based on finding an

 English letter to the left or right of another English
 letter in alphabetical order.

 Sometimes the Question is based on finding the number of English letters

 between two different English letters.
 These question varies on the arrangement of alphabetical
 order.
The example discussed below will give you a
better idea about these type of questions:

1. Find the 11th letter to the left of the 20th

letter from the left in the English alphabet.
a) D
b) J
c) K
d) I
Answer (d)
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4. BANES AND BOONS OF VERBAL
REASONING
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4.1 BANES OF VERBAL REASONING

• Objective Assessment

• Evaluation Beyond Resumes                                                  

• Standardization and Fairness

• Insights into Training Needs

• Cost-Effectiveness

• Quality Hiring
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4.2 BOONS OF VERBAL REASONING

 No Consideration for Soft Skills

 No Consideration for Domain Expertise

 Test Anxiety

 No Consideration for Personality Traits

 Early Judgement
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5. USES OF VERBAL REASONING

 Verbal reasoning tests are often used during recruitment for positions
in many industries, such as banking, finance, management consulting,
mining and accounting. The tests are used as an efficient way to short
list candidates for later stages of the recruitment process, such as
interview.

 Verbal reasoning tests are often used as entrance examinations by

schools, colleges and universities to select the most able applicants.
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6. RESOURCES TO STUDY VERBAL
REASONING

 Internet links:
 https://www.twinkl.co.in/search?q=verbal+reasoning
 https://www.assessmentday.co.uk/aptitudetests_verbal.htm

 Books:
 Anthem Test Papers 11+ and 12+ Verbal Reasoning Book
1Book by John Connor and Pat Soper
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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• English for Competitive Examinations(Includes Descriptive

and Objective Tests) Wren & Martin

• Book by P. C. Wren

• A Modern Approach To Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning (2

Colour Edition) 

• Wiley's Verbal Ability and Reasoning for Competitive

Examinations

• Solve with Spaarkz YouTube channel

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8.1. CONTRIBUTIONS

NAME CONTRIBUTION
Abhay Gupta What is Verbal Reasoning, Arguments and
(2021UEA6516) conclusions, Propositions, Making and compiling the
presentation
Saumya Chaturvedi What is Verbal Reasoning, Premises and conclusions,
(2021UEA6510) vocabulary and grammar, Editing the content sent by
team members, main presenter
Ashwani Boora Topics of Verbal Reasoning: Situation Reaction test,
(2021UEA6514) logical sequence of words, making the google form
quiz
Gracy Singh Topics of Verbal Reasoning: Blood relations, Venn
(2021UEA6509) diagrams, uses of verbal reasoning
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8.2. CONTRIBUTIONS

NAME CONTRIBUTION
Ashish Chaudhary Banes and boons of verbal reasoning,
(2021UEA6514) Topics of Verbal Reasoning: decision making and
assertion reasoning
Lakshya Singh Topics of Verbal Reasoning: Analogy and
(2021UEA6511) classification, resources from where to study verbal
reasoning
Ravi Roshan Topics of Verbal Reasoning: One word substitutions,
(2021UEA6512) Alphabet test, assisting in google form quiz
Ram Kumar Topics of Verbal Reasoning: mixed bag questions and
(2021UEA6513) pictures, assisting in google form quiz