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    Cognitive Bias Rokofsky

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    howero
    Some specific biases discussed include confirmation bias, where people focus only on information confirming their existing beliefs, and the availability heuristic, where people are more likely to believe things they can easily think of an example for. The document advocates for critical thinking to overcome cognitive biases by thoroughly researching issues from multiple perspectives before making conclusions.

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    Cognitive Bias Rokofsky

    Uploaded by

    howero
    14 views14 pages
    Some specific biases discussed include confirmation bias, where people focus only on information confirming their existing beliefs, and the availability heuristic, where people are more likely to believe things they can easily think of an example for. The document advocates for critical thinking to overcome cognitive biases by thoroughly researching issues from multiple perspectives before making conclusions.

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    Cognitive Biases

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    Some specific biases discussed include confirmation bias, where people focus only on information confirming their existing beliefs, and the availability heuristic, where people are more likely to believe things they can easily think of an example for. The document advocates for critical thinking to overcome cognitive biases by thoroughly researching issues from multiple perspectives before making conclusions.

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    14 views14 pages

    Cognitive Bias Rokofsky

    Uploaded by

    howero
    Some specific biases discussed include confirmation bias, where people focus only on information confirming their existing beliefs, and the availability heuristic, where people are more likely to believe things they can easily think of an example for. The document advocates for critical thinking to overcome cognitive biases by thoroughly researching issues from multiple perspectives before making conclusions.

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    of 14

    Cognitive Biases & Critical Thinking

    By Howard Rokofsky
    howard@rokofsky.com
    www.rokofsky.com
    System 1 System 2

    24 X 7 = ?
    MISCONCEPTION: You are a rational, logical being
    who sees the world as it really is.

    TRUTH: You are as deluded as the rest of us


    Cognitive biases
     patterns of thought and behavior
     keep you confident in your own perceptions
     lead to poor choices, wrong judgments
     are predictable

    The big daddy: confirmation bias


    5
     Basketball
     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo
     Door
     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWSxSQsspiQ
    3 Main Categories of Cognitive Bias

    Heuristics
    Logical fallacies
    Apophenia  
    Priming
    THE MISCONCEPTION: You know when you are
    being influenced and how it affects your
    behavior.
    THE TRUTH: You are unaware of the constant
    nudges you receive from ideas in the
    unconscious mind.
    9
    Confirmation Bias
    THE MISCONCEPTION: Your opinions are the
    result of years of rational, objective analysis.

    THE TRUTH: Your opinions are the result of years of


    focusing on information that confirmed what you
    already believed (+ ignoring information that
    challenged your beliefs).
    The Availability Heuristic
    THE MISCONCEPTION: You understand how the world
    works, based on statistics and facts culled from many
    examples.

    THE TRUTH: You are far more likely to believe something


    is commonplace if you can find just one example of it,
    and you are far less likely to believe in something you’ve
    never seen or heard of before.

    Do more words begin with “R” or have “R” as the third letter?
    The Bystander Effect
    The Dunning-Kruger Effect
    Brand Loyalty
    Halo effect
    The Straw Man Fallacy
    The Just-World Fallacy
    Projection Bias
    Endowment effect
    Sunk Cost Fallacy
    Hyperbolic discounting
    The Spotlight Effect
    Conformity
    Learned Helplessness
    The Anchoring Effect
    Availability Bias
    Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
    Consistency Bias
    Hindsight bias
    Loss Aversion
    Pareidolia
    The anatomy of critical thinking

    Step 1: Know your environment and identify the core problem

    Step 2: Do your own research and ask questions

    Step 3: Identify biases

    Step 4: Consider the implications

    Step 5: Think for yourself


    14

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