INTRODUCTION OF

SOCIOLOGY
LECTURER : DR. FAIZA ANWAR
SUBJECT: SOCOIOLOGY
CREDIT BY : MUBASHIR ALI
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

• The word sociology is composed of two words;

Socious means “Society” and Ology means “Study”.
• We can also define sociology as ‘Systematic Study of Society’.
• The study of social problems.
• The scientific study of human social life,group and societies.
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

• There was no sociology as a distinct discipline before the advent

od 19th century .
• As a distinct discipline it emerged about the middle of the 19th
century.
• When Europeans social observers (scientist) began to use
scientific methods to test their ideas.
FACTORS

 Industrial Revolution
• By the mid of 19th century Europe was changing from agriculture
to factory production.
• There was emergency of new occupations as well as new
aventures of employment away from land.
• Masses of people migrated to cities in search of Jobs.
FACTORS

• In the countryside to nature of agricultural society . There was no

occupation that could be alternation of agriculture.
• Hence people got pushed to look for new places.
• The cities greeted them with horrible working conditions low pay ,and long
working hours dangerous work ,fuel, smoke and much noise for survival of
life , families , had to permit their children to work in bad conditions.
FACTORS

• People in cities develop new ideas of democracy and political

rights.
• They did not want to remain tied to their rulers.
• Therefore, ideas about individual liberty , individual rights to
life , liberty, which actually laid foundation of future political
revolution.
FACTORS

 Stimulate Development of Sociology

• The development of sociology was imperialism.
• Europeans conqueror successfully menu parts of word .
• They were exposed to radically different cultures started by these
contrasting ways of life .
• They began to ask question why cultures different.
FACTORS

 Success of Natural Sources

• People moved to ask question fundamentals aspects of their
social world.
• They started using scientific method
( systematic ,observation ,objectivity ) to study of human
behavior.
AUGUSTE COMTE

• The Ideas of applying scientific method to social world known as

(positivism) was apparently first proposed by A.C. ( 1798-1857 ).
• He was French .
• He migrated from a small town to Paris. The changes he himself
experienced combined with these France underwent in revolution,
led Comte to become interested in two interrelated issues .
AUGUSTE COMTE

 Social Order and Social Change

• What holds the society together ( why is there a social order)?
• Once society is set then what causes it to change .
• He advocated for building new societies on their foundation of
science and industry rather than on religion and landowner-serf
relationship.
FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY

• This will be a new science and Comte

named it sociology (1838) the study of society.
• Comte is credited with being “Founder of Sociology”.
FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY
Credit by; Mubashir Ali